不可告人的秘密？一個關於性工作研究中的性、性別與知識生產的反思

Sexual Secrets in the Field: Reflections on Gender, Sexuality and Knowledge in the Study of Sex Work

10.29816/TARQSS.200809.0001

陳美華(Mei-Hua Chen)

反思性研究 ； 性工作 ； 性 ； 性別 ； 女性主義方法論 ； reflexive research ； sex work ； sexuality ； gender ； feminist methodology

台灣社會研究季刊

71期（2008 / 09 / 01）

1 - 39

繁體中文

知識生產並非在權力真空的情形下進行，作為社會存有的研究者往往就是影響整個研究過程的因素之一。本文將以筆者從事性工作研究的田野經驗為例，分析性別、階級與性這三個往往相互交織的社會範疇如何使得知識生產的過程成為權力的試煉場。筆者將指出，娼／良二分的意識型態如何使得研究者以性別分化的方式進入田野場址，以及女性研究者在性工作研究中的特殊情境。其次，在性工作長期被污名化的情形下，筆者和被研究的性工作者之間除了階級差異之外，性實踐上的差異尤其使得筆者悄悄挾帶進場的（性）偏見與預設影響了筆者的田野經驗。但，筆者被「誤認」為娼的過程，則使得筆者得以短暫地取得「圈內人」的位置，理解性工作者的生活處境。同時，當「自我」和「她者」戲劇性相遇時，女性主義者也因而得以看見自我的侷限性及未完成性，並和她者產生進一步的互動，讓所謂反思性的研究成為可能。文中筆者也將以訪談嫖客與皮條客的田野經驗闡明，主流科學研究去性化、去肉體化的傳統不僅讓個別的研究者在研究過程中因為個人的感官經驗與情緒感受而滿懷愧疚，甚至因為不敢挑戰此一學術禁忌而成為維繫此一禁忌的共犯。

No knowledge is produced in a vacuum, devoid of social influences. The researcher's social existence greatly shapes and becomes embedded within academic knowledge. Using my fieldwork experience on sex work, I analyze the ways in which class, gender and sexuality are mutually reproduced and the process of knowledge production is politically charged. I argue that the ways in which researchers access the field are gendered due to the dichotomy of chang/liang (prostitute/non-prostitute; 'madonna/whore'). Moreover, the differences between me/researcher and them/the researched in terms of class and sexuality also shape how I have come to understand sex work (ers) through my fieldwork. In many cases, my previous understanding of prostitution has had a great impact on how I have carried out fieldwork. I had believed that the sex industry was dominated by mafia organizations, which turned out not to be the case. In addition, the dichotomy of prostitute/non-prostitute is not so clear-cut in the field. My being 'misunderstood' as a streetwalker on the street turned me into an 'insider', albeit only temporarily, and enabled me to experience how it feels to be a prostitute. Only after I entered the field did I realize that I had a deep-seated sense of shame regarding sex work; I felt uncomfortable being mistaken as a sex worker. This dramatic blurring of self and other has allowed me, as a feminist researcher, to reflect on myself as unfinished and incomplete, which is a condition that makes feminist reflexive research possible. In this paper, I also draw on my experiences interviewing punters and pimps to problematize the notion of the disembodied and de-sexualized knower that has been taken for granted in the mainstream scientific research. I conclude that the silence surrounding issues of class, gender and sexuality in the researcher's interaction with sex workers during academic fieldwork in the field not only serves to produce shamed researchers, but also reproduces and consolidates the tradition of disembodied and desexualized scientific knowledge.

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