部落「姊妹」做性別：交織在血親、姻親、地緣與生產勞動之間

"Sisters" Making Gender: Between Everyday Work and Social Relations

10.29816/TARQSS.201203.0003

林文玲(Wen-Ling Lin)

「姊妹」 ； 性別化勞動 ； 社會成人 ； 性／別的政治經濟學 ； "sisters" ； "cc's" ； gendered work ； social adults ； political economy of sex and gender

台灣社會研究季刊

86期（2012 / 03 / 01）

51 - 98

繁體中文

居住在部落（社群）的「姊妹」在生命的諸多向度上，因為不同環境與條件的多重交織，以及由此而來的具差異的身體展現與性別表達，使得生活在部落的原住民「姊妹」在性別構想以及性別的身體實踐上不同於「變裝」（CD: cross dresser）、「跨性別」（TG: transgender）或「男同志」（gay men）的性別身分。這些「差異」的產生及持續存在，其所座落的社會機制、文化環境與族群互動的經驗，讓這些差異得以顯現或產生轉化。尤其，部落（社群）的親屬關係紐帶確實連結或束縛所有有社會關係的人。部落生活所體現的親屬關係，實際上與政治、經濟、社會互動與宗教行為的種種緊密交揉。親屬關係的界限、規範或義務、責任的展現，多少說明了部落「姊妹」在性的實踐、性別的展演、社會連結以及家（戶）建立的可能或不可能。部落（社群）生活的當代情境以及政治經濟的差異，形塑著部落原住民「姊妹」們的生活與性別的種種表現。本文重點之一是透過人類學視角對「姊妹」（性別）作為一種（可能的）社會範疇、社會關係（的體現）以及社會結構、文化秩序，如何在固有的親屬關係版圖中，自我界定、轉化或符應既定的性別（及其規範），維護、修整其社會關係與網絡之連結，進行觀察。重點之二則聚焦在「姊妹」們有因親屬連帶或因「姊妹」的性別連帶，使得她們在社群生活、經濟生產與情感聯繫，攀附在既有的親屬組織與家（戶）單位之中，或隱或顯地連結彼此，發展了「姊妹」關係、鞏固「姊妹」情誼的同時，也讓家（情感與象徵的功能）與家戶（經濟與生產的功能），以及「姊妹」身分及其意涵的（再）生產，有了不同的出路與具體的另類實踐。

”A-dju”, the indigenous sisters living in rural cities have their unique ways of gender performance and display of physicality that are ”different” from cross dressers, transgenders and gay men. This paper will explore the issue of how intersectionality of social institutions, cultural and physical environment, and interactions among different ethnic groups enables the evolution, the existence, and the transformation of ”a-dju”. To this end, my research will examine the social category, the embodiment of social relations, the social structure, as well as the establishing or sustaining cultural order of ”a-dju” from the perspective of anthropology, so as to build up a clear vision on the following concepts: (1) The formation and sustainability of ”a-dju” as a concept and a category within indigenous culture. (2) The establishment of a gender system and the operation of gender ideologies among different cultural conditions and social context.

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