無篩選標示基因(marker-free)轉基因植物之構築及其最新發展

Current Development of the Strategies for Generating marker-free Transgenic Plants

10.6649/PPB.200509_14(3).0001

林靜宜(C.-Y. Lin)；詹富智(F.-J. Jan)

篩選標示基因 ； 無篩選標示基因 ； 轉基因植物 ； 葉綠體轉殖 ； 農桿菌轉殖 ； selection marker genes ； marker-free ； transgenic plant ； chloroplast transformation ； Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

植物病理學會刊

14卷3期（2005 / 09 / 01）

159 - 176

繁體中文

植物基因轉殖系統需藉篩選標示基因(selection marker genes)以有效率地篩選出轉殖細胞或植物。大多數篩選標示基因皆是利用其具有抗生素抗性或殺草劑抗性來進行篩選。篩選標示基因轉殖後仍存在於植物中，引發大眾對環境安全及人體健康影響之疑慮。故將篩選標示基因自轉基因作物移除，已成當前趨勢。目前已有數種產生無篩選標示基因之轉基因植物的系統被建立，包括共轉型法(co-transformation)、特定位置重組法(site-specific recombination)、跳躍子系統(transposition)、同源重組(homologous recombination)及正向篩選法(positive selection)等。經由這些系統所產生之無篩選標示基因(marker-free)作物將可大幅地提升一般民眾對於轉基因作物的接受度。本文即針對現今不同之無篩選標示基因植物轉殖系統之策略作完整之彙整並討論其優缺點及未來發展趨勢。

Selectable marker genes are required for the efficient transformation of transgenic plants. In most cases, selection is based on antibiotic or herbicide resistance. The persistence of selectable marker genes in transgenic plants has caused public concerns of environmental safety and human health issues. Thus it is desirable to remove the marker gene prior to the release of transgenic plants. Several strategies including co-transformation, site-specific recombination, transposition, homologous recombination and positive selection have been developed to generate marker-free transgenic plants. The implementation of these strategies in crops will help to expedite widespread public acceptance of transgenic plants. Here, we summarize and discuss these transformation systems and the merits, shortcomings and their future possible development of different approaches.