丁香油與植物營養防治十字花科蔬菜炭疽病之效果評估

Evaluation for Efficacy of Clove Oil and Plant Nutrients on Controlling the Cruciferous Vegetable Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum higginsianum

10.6649/PPB.201006_19(2).0006

林秋琍(C. L. Lin)；林宗俊(T. C. Lin)；黃振文(J. W. Huang)

Colletotrichum higginsianum ； 十字花科蔬菜炭疽病 ； 白菜 ； 藥用植材 ； 丁香油 ； Cruciferous vegetable anthracnose ； Pak-choi ； Colletotrichum higginsianum ； medicinal plant materials clove ； clove oil

植物病理學會刊

19卷2期（2010 / 06 / 01）

167 - 176

繁體中文

篩選8種藥用植材對十字花科炭疽病菌Colletotrichum higginsianum之分生孢子發芽與菌絲生長的影響，結果發現丁香具有完全抑制本病原菌的效果。以不同濃度之丁香油處理本病原菌之分生孢子，發現1250ppm丁香油即可以完全抑制分生孢子發芽。利用光學顯微鏡和掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察處理過丁香油的病原菌，發現丁香油會使病原菌之菌絲膨大變形外，亦會造成附著器原生質之滲漏。比較1%(w/v)丁香水溶性浸出液、2000ppm丁香油及2000丁香酚防治白菜炭疽病的效果，結果顯示丁香油與丁香酚均具有相當好的防治功效，且較丁香水溶性浸出液的防治率高54%以上。利用不同濃度之丁香油水溶液防治白菜炭疽病，結果發現其濃度於1500ppm時，防治效果可達79%。在1000ppm丁香油水溶液中分別添加250ppm植物生長的基本元素N、P、K、Ca及Mg等鹽類，然後噴佈於植齡25天的白菜葉片上，結果發現KNO3、H3PO3、K2SO4、Ca(NO3)2•4H2O及MgSO4等可顯著地提高丁香油防治白菜炭疽病的效果。

Eight medicinal plant materials were evaluated for their effects on conidial germination and mycelial growth of the anthracnose fungus of cruciferous vegetable. Colletotrichum higginsianum isolates PA-01 and PA-19 on potato dextrose agar plates. Among these, clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) completely inhibited the conidial germination and mycelial growth at the concentration of 1% (w/v) whether it was autoclaved. In addition, the clove oil, the major component of clove, was completely effective in inhibiting conidial germination at 1250ppm. Observations under light and scanning electron microscopes indicated that the hyphae were swelled and cytoplasma of appressoria were leaked out when the fungus was treated with clove oil at 1500 ppm for hours. The clove water-soluble extracts, clove oil, and eugenol were respectively used to control Pak-choi anthracnose. The results showed that clove water-soluble extracts reduced 10% of disease severity of anthracnose, furthermore, clove oil and eugenol were equally effective in reducing more than 70% disease severity compared to the control. In greenhouse tests, clove oil could reduce disease severity of Pak-choi anthracnose when plants were sprayed on day before inoculation of the pathogen or at the same time as the pathogen was inoculated. However there was no effect on controlling this disease when plants were sprayed one day after the inoculation of the pathogen. The efficiency of clove oil on control of Pak-choi anthracnose were markedly increased when it was mixed with chemical fertilizer. It was found that KNO3, H3PO3, K2SO4, Ca(NO3)2•4H2O, and MgSO4 were bale to enhance the effect of clove Oil on control of the disease.

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