精實系統、人力資源管理、全面品質管理與營運績效：中小企業之實證研究

LEAN SYSTEM, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCES FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

10.6220/joq.202104_28(2).0001

白凢芸(Fan-Yun Pai)；葉子明(Tsu-Ming Yeh)；張正文(Cheng-Wen Chang)；鄭裕鴻(Yu-Hung Cheng)

精實系統 ； 人力資源管理 ； 全面品質管理 ； 營運績效 ； 中小企業 ； lean system ； human resource management ； total quality management ； operation performance ； small and medium enterprises

品質學報

28卷2期（2021 / 04 / 30）

71 - 92

繁體中文

實行精實系統可以提升廠商的競爭力並帶來卓越的經營績效，但實行精實系統不能單靠複製標竿企業的技術或實踐，還須考慮不同企業的文化、背景與發展脈絡，才能提升導入精實系統的成功率。本研究探討精實系統實踐與營運績效之間的關係，彙整過去研究發現多數學者指出人力資源管理與全面品質管理對精實系統實踐以及營運績效具有相當大的影響，因此以此二者為干擾變數，探討干擾變數對精實系統實踐與營運績效關係之干擾效果。本研究透過紙本與e-mail發放問卷，請實行精實系統的廠商填答，共回收286份有效問卷。資料分析結果證實精實系統實踐對於營運績效具正向顯著，而人力資源管理與全面品質管理之干擾效果也獲得部分支持。分析結果也顯示推行精實系統五年以下的企業，可以著重在精實管理實踐中的改善實踐上，搭配上人力資源管理時間的落實，將能有效提升營運績效。而推行時間長於五年以上的企業，應該著重在精實管理實踐中的平滑式生產的實踐上，另搭配全面品質管理系統的建立與落實，對於營運績效將更具正向顯著的影響。

Lean system practice implementation can improve performance and competitiveness for firms. Firms usually implement lean system practice by benchmarking. They choose few benchmark companies and observe how they build their lean system. However, firms cannot attain desired results simply by copying benchmarks' implementation. Successful implementation comes from appropriate adoption under considering each company's unique culture; develop history, context, and so on. This study aims at investigating the relationships between lean system practice and operation performance for small and medium enterprises. The moderation effects of two contextual moderators, human resource management and total quality management on operation performance, are studied as well. A conceptual model is proposed and 286 valid questionnaires were received. Analysis results show that lean system practice influence operation performance positively and partially support that two moderators have positively effects on the relationship between lean system practices and operation performance. Also, the moderation effects are different under different implementation period. Companies implementing lean practices shorter than five years should implement human resource management can significantly improve performance. On the other hand, companies implementing lean practices more than five years should put more efforts on total quality management for performance enhancement.

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