產期調節技術對「台農17號」鳳梨採收期之影響

Effect of Harvest Time by Off-Season Production Technology on Pineapple 'Tainung No.17'

10.6220/joq.202308_30(4).0003

蘇泰盛(Tai-Sheng Su)；張群(Chun Chang)；吳靖純(Chin-Chun Wu)

鳳梨 ； 產期調節技術 ； 鳳梨催花 ； 電石水 ； 田間實驗紀錄法 ； pineapple ； off-season production technology ； forced flowering method of pineapple ； calcium carbide water ； field experiment

品質學報

30卷4期（2023 / 08 / 30）

309 - 340

繁體中文;英文

本研究主要著眼於利用碳化鈣與水混合（即電石水）進行鳳梨產期調節技術，以金鑽鳳梨「台農17號」為對象，採用田間實驗紀錄法於屏東地區針對不同的產區，以不同濃度的電石水進行實驗，同時記錄與觀察不同濃度與產區的成功率與採收期之差異。透過所觀測到的數據進行變異數分析（analysis of variance），數據分析結果顯示三處實驗地之溫、溼度及光照度皆分別有顯著差異，因此可證明不同的種植地區因環境條件的變化，會使後續採收期所需之時間長短產生差距。使用不同濃度之電石水進行催花會對鳳梨植株產生不同比例之失敗率，在低濃度（1:25）實驗中三個農場的失敗率分別為40%、30%及35%；採用中高濃度（1:50;1:100）三個農場的成功率皆為100%。本研究可找出最佳成功率與最適濃度，電石水的濃度比例在1:50時為最適濃度，以最低催花成本來提高鳳梨催花的成功率並控管採收期。

This study focuses on the use of calcium carbide mixed with water (i.e., calcium carbide water) for the off-season production technology of pineapple (i.e., forced flowering method of pineapple). Golden Diamond Pineapple ('Tainung No. 17') is taken as the subject. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of calcium carbide water of different concentrations on the flowering and harvesting periods of pineapple. The field experiment was carried out in three pineapple-producing areas in Pingtung County. In the experiment, the differences in the success rates of pineapple flowering and the harvesting period of the three pineapple-producing areas under different concentrations of calcium carbide water were observed. Temperature, humidity, and illuminance data of three pineapple-producing areas were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. The analysis results showed that the three production areas have significant differences in temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The study found that using different concentrations of calcium carbide water to induce pineapple flowering will produce different probabilities of failure rates. The failure rates of the three farms in the low concentration (1:25) experiment were 40%, 30%, and 35%, respectively. 100% success rate for all three farms using medium to high concentrations (1:50; 1:100). In this study, the optimal success rate and the optimal concentration were found. The concentration ratio of calcium carbide water was 1:50 as the optimal concentration. The experiments can not only save on the cost of calcium carbide but also improve the success rate of pineapple flower forcing and effectively adjust the harvest period of pineapple.

1. da Cunha, G. A. P.,Reinhardt, D. H. R. C.,Costa, J. T. A.(2005).Relationship among growth regulators and flowering, yield, leaf mass, slip production and harvesting of ‘Pérola’ pineapple.Acta Horticulturae,666,149-160.
2. Google, (accessed March, 2022), n.d., [Google Maps], .
3. Hardell, L.,Walker, M. J.,Walhjalt, B.,Friedman, L. S.,Richter, E. D.(2007).Secret ties to industry and conflicting interests in cancer research.American Journal of Industrial Medicine,50(3),27-33.
4. Levin, S. A.,Gómez Herrera, M. D.,Alayón Luaces, P.(2019).Flowering and fruiting of Ananas comosus L. Merr. in two cultivation systems under subtropical conditions.Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía,118(2),024.
5. Liu, F.-Y.,Chang, Y.-S.(2011).Ethephon treatment promotes flower formation in bougainvillea.Botanical Studies,52(2),183-189.
6. Min, X.-j.,Bartholomew, D. P.(1996).Effect of plant growth regulators on ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, and initiation of inflorescence development of pineapple.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,15(3),121-128.
7. Tan, X.,Liu, M.,Du, N.,Zwiazek, J. J.(2021).Ethylene enhances root water transport and aquaporin expression in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) exposed to root hypoxia.BMC Plant Biology,21(1),227.
8. Trusov, Y.,Botella, J. R.(2006).Silencing of the ACC synthase gene ACACS2 causes delayed flowering in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.].Journal of Experimental Botany,57(14),3953-3960.
9. Turnbull, C. G. N.,Sinclair, E. R.,Anderson, K. L.,Nissen, R. J.,Shorter, A. J.,Lanham, T. E.(1999).Routes of ethephon uptake in pineapple (Ananas comosus) and reasons for failure of flower induction.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,18(4),145-152.
10. 小那霸安優(2002)。沖縄県農業試験場研究報告沖縄県農業試験場研究報告,沖縄県:沖縄県農業試験場。
11. 打貓陳家鳳梨，(accessed March, 2021)，2015，鳳梨就是要這樣種！從開溝到種植全都不請工人，我們都是“相放伴” (互相幫忙)，分工合作 [Facebook影片]，。
12. 行政院農業委員會，(accessed March, 2022)，2022，111年農業統計年報，。
13. 吳寶芬(2015)。臺灣鳳梨外銷現況與未來展望。農政與農情，272
14. 官青杉,唐佳惠,李柔誼(2017)。鳳梨產期調節研究發展與產業調適。果樹產期調節研究發展與產業調適研討會論文輯，臺中:
15. 邱獻毅,趙苡蓁,張雅涵,洪進雄,陳麗如(2017)。植物生長調節劑對液體培養基蠔菇菌絲生長及出菇之影響。臺灣農業研究，66(3)，240-247。
16. 唐佳惠,官青杉(2013)。採收月分對屏東地區鳳梨果實品質之影響。臺灣園藝，59(4)，278-279。
17. 張清勤(1999)。催花藥劑對‘台農四號’鳳梨果實形質之影響。中國園藝，45(3)，217-222。
18. 張淑芬,張哲瑋,郭玉麟(2012)。繁殖時期、介質及吲哚丁酸 (indole butyric acid) 對紅毛丹插穗發根之影響。植物種苗，14(1)，1-9。
19. 陳思如(2013)。電石或益收催花對台農17號鳳梨催花率及果實之影響。高雄區農業改良場年報，2013，42-43。
20. 陳盟松(2015)。利用益收生長素促進椪柑提早轉色技術。臺中區農業改良場特刊，129，113-118。
21. 黃士晃(2019)。鳳梨秋果產期調節技術。臺南區農業專訊，109，7-11。
22. 黃季春(1971)。鳳梨植株本身條件與催花處理效果關係之研究。中國園藝，17(1)，28-35。
23. 農業部高雄區農業改良場，(accessed April, 2021)，2020，鳳梨產業機械化作業示範場域觀摩會，。
24. 蔡惠文,唐佳惠,官青杉,林芳存,李堂察(2006)。日照量對鳳梨可滴定酸及有機酸含量之影響。臺灣園藝，52(3)，255-262。