美國的網路中立政策爭議：從圖書資訊社群角度觀之

The Policy Debates on Net Neutrality in the United States: Perspectives of the Library and Information Science Community

10.6575/JoLIS.2012.81.03

林奇秀(Chi-Shiou Lin)；李宛臻(Wan-Chen Lee)

網路中立 ； 網路政策 ； Net neutrality ； Internet policy

圖書與資訊學刊

81期（2012 / 11 / 01）

69 - 85

繁體中文

本文以圖書資訊專業社群的視角來介紹美國的網路中立議題，包括其意涵、發展、相關法案及重要議題。本文先歸納三個促成網路中立議題發生的背景因素，含網路管理技術、市場結構、通訊傳統。續而描述網路中立正反雙方的法案攻防歷程，藉以突顯其核心訴求探討中立的定義。再進一步闡述五個正反方主要爭論點，含對平等的詮釋、差別待遇的辯論、自由市場與政府管制的抗衡，資訊自由與隱私保障、以及圖書館與高教機構的需求與主張等。

This article introduces the policy debates of net neutrality in the United States from the perspectives of library and information science community. It summarizes the emergence of the issue as being influenced by three factors, the advancing Internet management technology, the changing broadband market structure, and the persistent communication traditions. It continues to describe the legislative battles between the proponents and opponents, followed by a discussion of five major controversies derived from the challenges to Internet neutrality, including the concept of equality, what constitutes discrimination, whether Internet requires governmental regulations or free market competitions, user privacy and censorship, and finally, libraries and higher education institutions' needs for a neutral Internet and pursuit for intellectual freedom.

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