「負荷－控制－支持」與「付出－回饋失衡」工作壓力模型中文版量表之信效度檢驗：以電子產業員工為研究對象

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Demand-Control-Support Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model Questionnaires: a Study Among Employees of the Microelectronic Industry

10.6288/TJPH2002-21-06-05

曾慧萍(Hui-Ping Tseng)；鄭雅文(Yaewn Cheng)

工作壓力 ； 負荷-控制-支持模型 ； 付出-回饋失衡模型 ； 信度 ； 效度 ； Job stress ； Demand-Control-Support model ； Effort-Reward Imbalance model ； validity ； reliability

台灣公共衛生雜誌

21卷6期（2002 / 12 / 01）

420 - 432

繁體中文

目標：探討兩個工作壓力模型，即「負荷－控制－支持模型」(Demand-Control-Support Model)與「付出－回饋失衡模型」(Effort-Reward Imbalance Model)之理論基礎，並檢驗中文版量表之信效度。方法：以高科技電子業男女性員工各401及667名為研究對象，以問卷評估其社會心理面向工作特質、工作滿意度與自評健康狀態。工作特質包含工作控制、心理負荷、社會支持、外在付出、回饋、及工作過度投入。信度以Cronbach's alpha coefficients量測量表題目的內部一致性。效度則包括內容效度及建構效度。結論：除心理負荷之內部一致性較差外，其他分量表的Cronbach's alpha coefficients皆高於0.65。因素分析顯示實證資料所抽取的因素結構與理論架構吻合。結論：依兩理論模型所研發的工作壓力量表能有效的測量職場中重要的工作特質，如「工作控制」、「心理負荷」、「回饋」與「過度投入」等，有助於我們對工作壓力問題的瞭解。

Objective: In this study we explored the theoretical background of two alternative job stress models – the Demand-Control-Support model and the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, and examined the reliability and validity of their Chinese questionnaires. Methods: In this study, we recruited 40 I men and 667 women who were employed in high-tech microelectronic companies in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their psychosocial job characteristics, including job control, psychological demands, work-related social support, extrinsic effort, rewards, and over-commitment. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for each scale to assess the internal consistency. For validity analyses, we examined content validity and construct validity. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for most sub-scales were all above 0.65, except for the psychological demands subscale. Exploratory factor analyses extracted 4 factors that corresponded closely to the theoretical constructs of the two models. Conclusion: Our results showed that the questionnaires developed from the two models are useful tools for the assessment of some important psychosocial work characteristics, and can help shed light on our understanding of job stress problems.

1. Borg, V., Kristensen, T.(1999).Validity of scales for measurement of four core dimension of the psychosocial work environment in ten Danish studies.Work Stress and Health: Organization of Work in a Global Economy,Baltimore, MD:
2. Bosma, H., Peter, R., Siegrist, J., Marmot, M.(1998).Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease.American Journal of Public Health,88
3. Cooper, C. L.(2002).The changing psychological contract at work.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,59
4. De Jonge, J., Bosma, H., Peter, R., Siegrist, J.(2000).Job strain, effort-reward imbalance and employee well-being: A large-scale cross-sectional study.Social Science ＆ Medicine,50
5. Fenster, L., Schaefer, C., Mathur, A.(1995).Psychologic stress in the workplace and spontaneous abortion.American Journal of Epidemiology,142
6. Hagen, K. B., Magnus, P., Vetlesen, K.(1998).Neck/ shoulder and low-back disorders in the forestry industry: Relationship to work tasks and perceived psychosocial job stress.Ergonomics,41
7. Hellerstedt, W. L., Jeffery, R. W.(1997).The association of job strain and health behaviours in men and women.International Journal of Epidemiology,26
8. Hurrell, Jr. J. J., Murphy, L. R.(1996).Occupational stress intervention.American Journal of Industrial Medicine,29(4)
9. Hurrell, Jr. J. J., Nelson, D. L., Simmons, B. L.(1998).Measuring job stressors and strains: Where we have been, where we are, and where we need to go.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,3
10. Johnson, J. V., Hall, E. M., Theorell, T.(1989).Combined effects of job strain and social isolation on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a random sample of the Swedish male working population.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health,15
11. Karasek, R. A., Theorell, T., Schwartz, J. E., Schnall, P. L., Pieper, C. F., Michela, J. L.(1988).Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES).American Journal of Public Health,78
12. Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I., Bongers, P., Amick, B.(1998).The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An Instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,3
13. Karasek, R., Theorell, T.(1990).Healthy Work - Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life.New York:Basic Books.
14. Kawakami, N., Fujigaki, Y.(1996).Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire: Replication and extension in computer company employees.Industrial Health,34
15. Kawakami, N., Haratani, T.(1999).Epidemiology of job stress and health in Japan: Review of current evidence and future direction.Industrial Health,37
16. Levi, L., Bartley, M., Marmot, M.(2000).Stressors at the workplace: Theoretical models.Occupational Medicine,15
17. Stress at Work
18. Peter, R., Alfredsson, L., Hammar, N., Siegrist, J., Theorell, T., Westerholm, P.(1998).High effort, low reward, and cardiovascular risk factors in employed Swedish men and women: Baseline results from the WOLF study.Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,52
19. Peter, R., Siegrist, J., Hallqvist, J., Reuterwall, C., Theorell, T.(2002).The SSG. Psychosocial work environment and myocardial infarction: Improving risk estimation by combining two complementary job stress models in the SHEEP Study.Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,56
20. Schnall, P. L., Landsbergis, P. A., Baker, D.(1994).Job strain and cardiovascular disease.Annual Review of Public Health,15
21. Siegrist, J.(1996).Adverse health effects of high-effort/ low-reward conditions.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,1
22. Siegrist, J., Peter, R.(2000).The Workplace and Cardiovascular Disease.Philadelphia:Hanley ＆ Belfus, Inc..
23. Siegrist, J., Peter, R., Cremer, P., Seidel, D.(1997).Chronic work stress is associated with atherogenic lipids and elevated fibrinogen in middle-aged men.Journal of Internal Medicine,242
24. Siegrist, J., Peter, R., Junge, A., Cremer, P., Seidel, D.(1990).Low status control, high effort at work and ischemic heart disease: Prospective evidence from blue-collar men.Social Science and Medicine,31
25. Theorell, T.(1999).How to deal with stress in organizations? A health perspective on theory and practice.Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health,25
26. Theorell, T.(2000).Social Epidemiology.New York:Oxford University Press.
27. Tsutsumi, A., Kayaba, K., Theorell, T., Siegrist, J.(2001).Association between job stress and depression among Japanese employees threatened by job loss in a comparison between two complementary job-stress models.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment ＆ Health,27
28. 郭育良 Guo, Yue-Liang, Wu, T. N., Liou, S. H., 王榮德 Wang, Jung-Te(1999).Occupational medicine in Taiwan.International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,72
29. 鄭雅文 Cheng, Ya-Wen, Kawachi, I., Coakley, E., Schwartz, J., Colditz, G.(2000).Association between psychosocial work characteristics and health functioning in American women: Prospective study.British Medical Journal,320
30. 鄭雅文 Cheng, Ya-Wen, Luh, W. M., 郭育良 Guo, Yue-Liang(2003).Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ) in Taiwanese workers.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,10(1)

1. 翁芝爾(2017)。探討職場暴力對護理人員身心健康的影響-以某區域教學醫院為例。國立臺灣大學健康政策與管理研究所學位論文。2017。1-63。 
2. 嚴玉庭(2016)。某食品製造業工作壓力及相關因素探討。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2016。1-44。
3. 李宜芳(2016)。女性護理人員職場疲勞探討。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2016。1-78。
4. 陳國鳳(2017)。醫療機構資淺護理人員生活品質相關因素探討。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2017。1-40。