台灣地區老年人健康行為之影響因素分析

Factors Contributing to Health Behaviors among the Elderly in Taiwn

10.6288/TJPH2003-22-06-03

許志成(Chih-Cheng Hsu)；徐祥明(Hsiang-Ming Hsu)；徐瑱淳(Chen-Chun Shu)；石曜堂(Yaw-Tang Shih)；戴東原(Tong-Yuan Tai)

老人 ； 吸菸 ； 運動 ； 流感疫苗接種 ； 健康行為 ； elderly ； smoking ； exercise ； influenza immunization ； health behavior

台灣公共衛生雜誌

22卷6期（2003 / 12 / 01）

441 - 452

繁體中文

目標：探討台灣地區老年人吸菸、運動及接種流感疫苗等三類健康行為之盛行率，並研究此三類行為與個人人口學變項及主客觀健康狀況間之關係。方法：民國九十年「國民健康訪問調查」依等機率抽樣設計所採訪的樣本中，選取年齡等於或大於65歲者為本研究之樣本。卡方檢定(Chi-square)與邏輯回歸分析(logistic regression)為本研究所採用的統計方法。結果：在吸菸行為方面，年齡小於75歲、男性、教育程度愈低、沒有與伴侶同住、和有工作皆為老年人吸菸的促進因素。在運動習慣方面，年齡小於75歲、女性、教育程度在國中或以上、個人月平均收入在一萬元以上、沒有工作、自覺健康較好、日常生活行動無困難、以及有罹患慢性病之老人較會從事運動。在流感疫苗接種方面，年齡介於75～85歲者、有與伴侶同住者、與罹患慢性病愈多者的接受度愈高。結論：教育程度較低、沒有與伴侶同住、男性且年齡相對較輕之老人是老年人口中健康行為較不理想之高危險族群，吾人應就此一對象群體進一步設計合宜之健康促進介入策略，藉以協助增進其健康。

Objectives: To study the relationships among demographic characteristics, health status and health behaviors including smoking, exercise, and influenza vaccination among the elderly in Taiwan. Methods: Those who ere interviewed in the National Health Interview survey (NHIS) in 2001, aged 65 and above were included in this study. Due to the sampling method of PPS (Probability proportional to size) used in NHIS, the study sample basically represented senior citizens who resided in Taiwan in 2001. Chi-square test and logistic regression were two statistical techniques used in this study. Results: Those aged 75 and below, male, less educated, currently employed, and not living with a partner were more likely to be current smokers. Those younger than 75 years of age, female, having junior-high school education or above, possessing a monthly income of more than 10 thousand NT dollars, personally well-perceived health, suffering from some chronic diseases, unemployed, and functioning normally in daily activities were more likely to engage in exercise. Those aged between 75 and 85, living with a partner and suffering from some chronic diseases were more likely to have received an influenza vaccine immunization. Conclusion: The elderly who were younger than 75 years of age, male, less educated, and not living with a partner were less likely to conduct behaviors conducive to health. It is suggested to provide appropriate health promotion interventions that are specifically designed for this high-risk group.

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