影響學齡前兒童過重相關因素之探討

A Study of Overweight in Preschool Children in Taiwan

10.6288/TJPH2004-23-06-09

張慈桂(Tzu-Kuei Chang)；藍忠孚(Chung-Fu Lan)；李燕嗚(Yin-Ming Li)；王本榮(Pen-Jung Wang)

學前兒童 ； 過重 ； 身體質量指數 ； 父母 ； preschool children ； overweight ； body mass index ； parents

台灣公共衛生雜誌

23卷6期（2004 / 12 / 01）

487 - 496

繁體中文

兒童期的過重及肥胖，容易在成年罹患慢性疾病而影響健康，是目前重要的公共衛生問題。本研究以社區樣本探討學齡前兒童過重情形及其影響因素。方法：本研究資料來自於“家庭社經地位與其學前兒童健康狀況及醫療保健需求之比較分析”計畫，該研究以橫斷性之調查訪視進行，先依台閩地區人口統計中都會區定羲，於91年7月15日至9月底期間，在各不同都會區中收集1191位元3~5歲學齡前兒童為樣本，以面對面訪視其主要照護者為對象，以結構式問卷收集兒童父母背景資料、兒童特性及其身高、體重，依衛生署公告之“兒童及青少年肥胖定義”區分界定其身體質量指數是否過重，並探討影響其過重與否的相關因素。結果：依衛生署公告標準，發現3~5李前兒童樣本遇重的比率高達23.9%。進一步邏輯迴歸分析結果發現，在控制了相關因素後，孩童的居住地區扁“鎭”層級(OR=2.30,95% CI:1.33-3.97)、母親過重(OR=1.90,95% CI:1.34-2.70)、及就讀幼稚園(OR=0.68,95% CI:0.49-0.96)是主要影響學前兒童過重與否的因素。結論：依據研究結果，學前兒童過重的問題，在社區的嚴重性高於已進入幼教機構者，母親過重以及居住於“鎭”層級也是重要的指標。提供作為未來規劃學前教育、進行兒童研究及健康介入計畫的參考。

Children overweight or obesity affects their adult health and is becoming an increasing public problem. The aims of this study were to explore the main factors which caused preschool children aged at 3 to 5 in Taiwan to be overweight. Method: This data came from the part of a study entitled “A comparative study on the health conditions and health care demands of preschool children of different family socioeconomic status”. The study was a cross-sectional study and was conducted by face-to-face interview with the children＇s caregiver. It contained 1191 samples from different urbanization levels during the 15th, July to the end of September 2002. The urbanization levels were based on the classification in the Taiwan-Fukein Demographic Fact Book from the Ministry of Interior. The subjects were asked to complete a set of questionnaire that included the height, weight, child＇s characteristics and parents＇ background. Children＇s overweight was defined according to the age/sex specified body mass index criteria given by the Department of Health in 2002. Results: The prevalence rate of overweight in preschool children samples was 23.9%. After controlling for the variables of the child＇s characteristics and parents＇ background, we found that living at “Chens” level (OR=2.30, 95%CI:l.33-3.97), mother being overweight (OR=l.90, 95%CI:1.34-2.70) and attending kindergarten(OR=0.68, 95%CI:0.49-0.96) significantly affected the preschool children＇s overweight. Conclusion: According to the result, overweight in preschool children was more common in the group that didn＇t attend the kindergarten and were also significantly correlated with mother being overweight and living at the “Chens” level. The findings here should be helpful in designing an effective formal preschool education and weight control intervention program.

1. French SA,Story M,Jeffery RW(2001).Environ - mental influences on eating and physical activity.
2. Gillman MW(2002).Breast-feeding and obesity.
3. Goodman E,Hinden BR,Khandelwal S(2000).Accuracy of teen and parental reports of obesity and body mass index.
4. Langnase K,Mast M,Danielzik S,Spethmann C,Muller MJ(2003).Socioeconomic gradients in body weight of German children reverse direction between the ages of 2 and 6 years.
5. Leventhal T,Brooks-Gunn J(2000).The neighbor - hoods they live in : the effect of neighbor - hood residence on child and adolescent outcomes.
6. Ogden CL,Flegal KM,Carrroll MD,Johnson CL(2002).Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents,1999-2000.
7. Pietrobelli A,Faith MS,Allison DB,Gallagher D,Chiumello G,Heymsfield SB(1998).BMI as a measure of adiposity among chil - dren and adolescents; a validity study.
8. von Mutius E,Schwartz J,Neas LM,Dockery D,Weiss ST(2001).Relation of body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Stndy III.
9. Whitaker RC,Wright JA,Pepe MS,Seidel KD,Dietz WH(1997).Predicting obesity in yonng adulthood from childhood and parental obesity.
10. Wilson WJ(1991).Studying inner-city social dislocation : the challenge of public agenda research.
11. World Health Organization(2002).World Health Report.
12. Yonng TK,Dean HJ,Flett B,Wood-Steiman P(2000).Childhood obesity in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
13. 內政部(2001)。中華民國 90 年台閩地區兒童生活狀況調查報告分析。
14. 內政部(1999)。台閩地區人口統計。
15. 台灣地區家庭所得分配狀況
16. 行政院勞工委員會(2000)。中華民國職業分類典。
17. 行政院勞工委員會(1997)。基本工資。
18. 行政院衛生署
19. 兒童及青少年肥胖定義
20. 台灣地區居民體位及肥胖狀況
21. 國民營養健康現況調查
22. 李燕鳴、李蘭、吳裴瑤(1995)。八十學年度台北市國中新生之體型與父母體型的關係研究。中華衛誌，14，150-8。
23. 施純宏、李宏昌(2001)。兒童肥胖。當代醫學。
24. 梁文薔(1998)。兒童肥胖症。健康世界。
25. 楊淑惠、鄭心嫻、黃心怡(2001)。台北市學齡前兒童身高及體重研究。中華營誌，26，41-50。
26. 劉秋松、賴世偉、林正介(1998)。台中市學齡兒童肥胖症與父母親體型相關性之研究。中華家醫誌，8，64-71。

1. 盧立卿、楊蕓菁、尤宣文(2013)。長期追蹤台灣學齡前兒童二至五歲含糖飲料及糕餅點心與精製糖攝取情形。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，32(4)，346-357。
2. (2012)。學齡前兒童零食攝取現況與體位狀況之探討。朝陽人文社會學刊，10(1)，233-256。