從分析運動熱量談當前台灣全民運動政策－比較台灣與美國民眾的運動習慣、強度與頻率

Evaluating the Physical Activity Policy in Taiwan: Comparison of the Prevalence of Physical Activity between Taiwan and the U.S.

10.6288/TJPH2007-26-05-04

溫啟邦(Chi-Pang Wen)；衛沛文(Jackson Pui-Man Wai)；詹惠婷(Hui-Ting Chan)；詹益辰(Yi-Chen Chan)；江博煌(Po-Hwang Chiang)；鄭丁元(Ting-Yuan Cheng)

運動 ； 運動熱量 ； 盛行率 ； 代謝當量值 ； Leisure time physical activity ； Energy Expenditure ； Prevalence ； MET metabolic equivalent task

台灣公共衛生雜誌

26卷5期（2007 / 10 / 01）

386 - 399

繁體中文

目標：台灣缺乏深度分析民眾運動習慣之文獻，本研究以相同分析方法比較台灣與美國的運動習慣。方法：利用台灣國民健康訪視調查(NHIS 2001)及美國國民健康與營養調查(NHANES 1999-2002)，將運動時間、強度與頻率轉換為個人熱量消耗(MET)作分析比較。結果：台灣民眾有半數自認不運動，是美國人的2.5倍。以每週達1,000 kcal之運動熱量為標準，美國是台灣的2.5倍。青壯年族群（25-44歲）美國達到標準的有34.3%，是台灣的3-7倍。高教育美國人達標準的有40.2%，是台灣的2.5倍。運動盛行率在美國年輕人最高，隨年齡增加而遞減，但在台灣則呈現『U』字形現象，在老年（≥65歲）達最高峰。有運動（每週≥1,000 kcal）的美國人每天運動40分鐘，每週消耗1,083 kcal（每天155 kcal）（中位數），而台灣人只有20分鐘，每週消耗544 kcal（每天78 kcal），女生比男生又少1/3。結論：台灣民眾普遍不運動，一半人自稱沒有運動，運動習慣不到美國的一半，6/7人口運動不足。最嚴重問題出現在青壯年、高教育、高收入族群，而且即使有運動的少數，他們運動強度及熱量消耗也明顯偏低不足。建議有關單位以鼓勵民眾運動為當前急務，以每週運動熱量至少達750 kcal為全民運動新目標，以「日行萬步」來互勉，將可大幅提昇健康，也可減少健保可觀的支出。

Objectives: In assessing the adequacy of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in Taiwan, a cross-country comparison is an important approach. Using the same methodology, the prevalence of LTPA was compared between Taiwan and the U.S. Methods: The metabolic equivalent (MET), a unit of exercise intensity, or calories was assigned to each LTPA reported in the NHIS 2001 (Taiwan) and the NHANES 1999-2002 (U.S.), each consisting of nationally representative samples of the respective country. Results: More than one-half of the population in Taiwan (50.2%) reported no LTPA, 2.5 times more than in the U.S. (21.3%). The proportion reaching 1,000 kcal/week in the U.S. (31.7%) was 2.5 times that in Taiwan (13.9%), but among the young adult group (25-44 yrs of age), Americans (34.3%) had 4 times more LPTA reaching 1,000 kcal/week than Taiwanese (8.5%). Among the highest educated, Americans (40.2%) were 2.5 times more likely to reach the desired LPTA goal (i.e., 1000 kcal/week) than Taiwanese (16.6%). The prevalence of LTPA decreased with age in the U.S., but in Taiwan the prevalence peaked with the elders (65 yrs of age or older), with the prevalence curve showing a unique ”U” shape. Even among the physically active, the median daily LTPA energy expenditure for Americans was 155 kcal/day with 40 minutes of exercise per day, twice that of Taiwanese who expended 78 kcal/day and exercised 20 minutes/day. Conclusions: Taiwanese are deficient in LTPA in two ways: 1) few people exercise and 2) among the few who do exercise, energy expenditure is inadequate. Six out of seven adults in Taiwan fail to meet the minimal level of exercise recommended. The proportion who exercise in Taiwan was less than one-half that of Americans, but the most serious deficiency was found among the young adults (25-44 years of age), who are potentially productive, and the college-educated or the higher income group, who are potential role models. If the inactive Taiwanese could be encouraged to become more active through physician counseling, the health benefits would be substantial and significant savings would be realized in the medical expenditure by the National Health Insurance.

1. 石曜堂、洪永泰、張新儀(2003)。「國民健康訪問調查」之調查設計、內容、執行方式與樣本人口特性。台灣衛誌，22，419-430。
   連結：
2. 鄭丁元、溫啟邦、蔡孟娟、蔡善璞(2003)。國人吸菸行為現況：2001年國民健康調查之分析。台灣衛誌，22，512-518。
   連結：
3. Ottawa Chartert, 1st International Conference on Health Promotion
4. Ainsworth BE,Haskell WL,Whitt MC(2000).Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.Med Sci Sports Exerc,32(9 Suppl 1),498-504.
5. NHANES Analytic Guidelines
6. NHANES Analytic and Reporting Guidelines
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS)(1999).National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.Hyattsville, MD:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
8. Colditz GA,Cannuscio CC,Frazier AL.(1997).Physical activity and reduced risk of colon cancer: implications for prevention.Cancer Causes Control,8,649-667.
9. Committee on Physical Activity, Health, Transportation and Land Use(2005).Transportation Research Board Special Report 282.Washington, DC:The National Academies Press.
10. Crespo CJ,Keteyian SJ,Heath GW,Sempos CT.(1996).Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Arch Intern Med,156,93-98.
11. Ekkekakis P,Lind E.(2006).Exercise does not feel the same when you are overweight: the impact of self-selected and imposed intensity on affect and exertion.Int J Obes,30,652-660.
12. How to write an exercise prescription
13. Hultquist CN,Albright C,Thompson DL.(2005).Comparison of walking recommendations in previously inactive women.Med Sci Sports Exerc,37,676-683.
14. Ku PO,Fox KR,McKenna J,Peng TL.(2006).Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity in Taiwan adults: results of four national surveys, 2002-2004.Prev Med,52,764-769.
15. Lee IM,Hsieh CC,Paffenbarger RS(2004).Exercise intensity and longevity in men. The Harvard Alumni Health Study.Eur Heart J,25,2204-2211.
16. Lee IM,Paffenbarger RS(1998).Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study.Stroke,29,2049-2054.
17. Lee IM,Paffenbarger RS,Hsieh C.(1991).Physical activity and risk of developing colorectal cancer among college alumni.J Natl Cancer Inst,83,1324-1329.
18. Lee IM,Rexrode KM,Cook NR,Hennekens CH,Buring JE.(2001).Physical activity and breast cancer risk: the Women`s Health Study (United States).Cancer Causes Control,12,137-145.
19. Lee IM,Sesso HD,Oguma Y,Paffenbarger RS(2004).The "weekend warrior" and risk of mortality.Am J Epidemiol,160,636-641.
20. Lee IM,Skerrett PJ.(2001).Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation?.Med Sci Sports Exerc,33,459-471.
21. Lin YC,Wen CP.(2006).Leisure-time physical activity among adults: result from 2001 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan.Med Sci Sports Exerc,38(5 Suppl 1),377-378.
22. Manini TM,Everhart JE,Patel KV(2006).Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults.JAMA,296,171-179.
23. Martinez ME,Giovannucci E,Spiegelman D,Hunter DJ,Willett WC,Colditz GA.(1997).Leisure-time physical activity, body size, and colon cancer in women. Nurses` Health Study Research Group.J Natl Cancer Inst,89,948-955.
24. Pratt M,Macera CA,Wang G.(2000).Higher direct medical costs associated with physical inactivity.Phys Sportsmed,28,63-70.
25. Shephard RJ.(2001).Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context.Med Sci Sports Exerc,33,400-418.
26. About the council
27. Thune I,Furberg AS.(2001).Physical activity and cancer risk: dose-response and cancer, all sites and site-specific.Med Sci Sports Exerc,33,530-550.
28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(1996).Surgeon General`s Report: Physical Activity and Health.Georgia:Centers for Disease Control.
29. Healthy people 2010: what are the leading health indicators?
30. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(2005).Dietary guidelines for Americans.Georgia:Centers for Disease Control.
31. Physical Activity (PAQ_B)
32. WHO(2002).Proceedings of WHO Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly; 2002 May 13; Geneva, Switzerland.Geneva:WHO.
33. 行政院主計處(2005)。93年臺灣地區社會發展趨勢調查（時間運用）統計結果。台北:行政院主計處。
34. 行政院體委會(1999)。中華民國體育白皮書。台北:行政院體委會。
35. 行政院體委會(2000)。八十九年體育統計資料。台北:行政院體委會。
36. 洪永泰(2002)。國民健康訪問調查抽樣設計。國民健康訪問調查研究簡訊，2，1-8。
37. 台體(一)字第0960086499號函
38. 教育部電子報(2005/08/23)
39. 陳鴻雁、謝邦昌、鄧寀縈、陳麒文、蔡維欣(2003)。我國國民運動意識之調查研究。行政院體委會委託研究。台北:行政院體委會。
40. 彭臺臨(2006)。台灣地區國民運動行為與其政策意涵之研究。台北:行政院體委會。
41. 運動處方－保健良方
42. 衛沛文(2004)。國人日常生活身體活動量之熱量消耗。國民健康局九十二年度科技研究發展計畫。
43. 衛沛文(2000)。成年男性代謝當量(MET)之準確度與估計。中華民國營養學會雜誌，25，99-107。

1. Yao, Kaiping Grace,Liou, Yiing-Mei,Jwo, Clark J. C.,Huang, Lian-Hua,Chiang, Li-Chi(2008).Selection of Appropriate Chinese Terms to Represent Intensity and Types of Physical Activity Terms for Use in the Taiwan Version of IPAQ.The Journalof Nursing Research,16(4),252-263.
2. 蔡明松(2020)。屏東市國民運動中心提供之服務品質、滿意度及行為意圖之研究。運動教練科學，58，41-52。
3. 陳明宏、張志銘、宋孟遠、吳紫彤(2018)。運動支持性環境量表編製之研究。運動與遊憩研究，12(3)，66-78。
4. 戴秀好、廖媛美、黃惠美、林小玲、明金蓮(2018)。以系統性文獻回顧與整合分析探討瑜珈對更年期相關症狀之成效。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，37(3)，324-339。
5. 龔窈萱、張志銘、張世沛(2013)。以運動參與為干擾變項探討體適能對學業成就之影響。運動與遊憩研究，7(4)，121-137。
6. 黃淑貞、林孟冠(2011)。臺北市警察人員運動行為與相關因素研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，35，87-100。
7. 黃耀宗(2009)。養狗有助於建立規律的運動習慣。大專體育，101，172-178。
8. 簡宏儒,詹皓安,張高雯(2018)。跑者之慢跑行為特性與社經背景對慢跑環境因子重要程度之影響。造園景觀學報，22(1)，69-89。
9. 湯志傑(2009)。體育與運動之間：從迥異於西方「國家／市民社會」二分傳統的發展軌跡談運動在台灣的現況。思與言：人文與社會科學雜誌，47(1)，1-126。
10. 楊亮梅、陳俊民(2016)。大學生運動參與程度、運動場館滿意度及意象之研究：女性觀點的探討。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，15(2)，1-13。
11. 楊秋娥、黃淑貞、洪文綺、姜逸群(2010)。社會人口學與學校社會環境對國小教師運動行為影響之研究。臺北市立教育大學學報：人文藝術、社會科學類，41(2)，77-108。
12. 張志銘、林作慶(2015)。大學生規律休閒運動參與現況與憂鬱指數之關係－以大葉大學為例。運動與遊憩研究，9(4)，36-46。
13. 趙美玲,陳雅美,梁富文,翁莉婷,江東亮(2022)。臺灣民眾環境與休閒時間身體活動之關係。大專體育學刊，24(2)，164-186。
14. (2024).Relationship Between Multiple Roles and Leisure-Time Physical Activities in Working-Age Women.The Journal of Nursing Research,32(1),1-11.