兒童與青少年身心障礙者運動健康行為促進之回顧與探討

A Review of Health Promotion in Children and Youth with Disabilities: Exercise and Physical Activity

10.6288/TJPH2008-27-02-01

許雅雯(Ya-Wen Hsu)；林麗娟(Linda-L Lin)；蔡佳良(Chia-Liang Tsai)

兒童及青少年身心障礙者 ； 健康促進 ； 運動 ； 身體活動 ； children and youth with disabilities ； health promotion ； exercise ； physical activity

台灣公共衛生雜誌

27卷2期（2008 / 04 / 01）

91 - 100

繁體中文

身心障礙的兒童及青少年是最缺乏身體活動的族群之一，且其身體活動不足及坐式生活形態，是造成許多身體疾病的主要因素，目前對於身心障礙的兒童及青少年相關的運動健康促進策略及研究仍較為不足，因此本文的目的即在瞭解與身體活動或運動相關的兒童及青少年身心障礙者健康行為促進。搜尋回顧國內、國外相關的文獻之後，可分為與運動有關的：1．健康行為促進模式；2．健康促進影響因子與需求；3．實證研究等三大主題進行論述。而綜合以上之文獻回顧，本研究有以下幾點建議：1．發展以家庭、日常生活環境及社區為基礎之運動健康介入計劃，較能有效地延續服務傳遞；2．提升身體活動是健康促進計畫設計者應該優先考慮的健康促進需求，設計適合長期進行的家庭及日常生活環境身體活動處方，並輔以場所性的健康促進課程，能達到較佳的執行成效；3．目前國內對於兒童及青少年身心障礙者運動健康促進之研究仍然缺乏，未來需要更大量更廣泛的國內實證研究作為推動國內兒童及青少年身心障礙者運動健康促進計劃的基礎。

Children and youth with disabilities are among the least active groups of individuals and therefore are at high risk for secondary disorders associated with a physically inactive, sedentary lifestyle. Because of the low abundance of research examining exercise in children and youth with disabilities, the purpose of this article was to review the effects of exercise (or physical activity) and the promotion of health behaviors in children and youth with disabilities. Selected articles were categorized into 3 areas: 1) health promotion such as exercise in children and youth with disabilities; 2) factors that contribute to health promotion and exercise; and 3) health promotion interventions using exercise strategies. Overall, a family-centered, community-based health promotion model plays an important role in not only health promotion and exercise, but also health care delivery. Furthermore, the most critical requirement for an exercise intervention project is to enhance the physical activity participation. In addition, long-term exercise prescriptions performed under daily-life conditions, along with complementary programs held in institutions, are more effective in maintaining and improving the health status of children and youth with disabilities. Finally, after all environmental factors are considered, the design and implementation of research-based exercise intervention programs is required in order to widely promote exercise in children and youth with disabilities in Taiwan.

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