化學性因子職業暴露資料庫之設計與實作

Design and Implementation of an Occupational Chemical Exposure Database

10.6288/TJPH2009-28-03-07

姚永澔(Yung-How Yao)；吳俊德(Jyun-De Wu)；林嘉明(Jia-Ming Lin)

化學性職業暴露 ； 暴露評估 ； 暴露實態 ； 職業暴露評估資料庫 ； chemical occupational exposure ； exposure assessment ； exposure profile ； occupational exposure assessment database

台灣公共衛生雜誌

28卷3期（2009 / 06 / 01）

232 - 247

繁體中文

目標：為改善職業暴露評估，建置可適用於本國中小型事業勞工化學性職業暴露的資料庫，以呈現事業單位中工作者的暴露實態，並可累積資料作為行政管理與學術研究之用。方法：透過資料要項的設計、架構規劃、電腦系統選擇與程式寫作、功能設計、程式測試修正及資料庫實作等步驟建置勞工化學性因子職業暴露資料庫。結果：資料庫採IBM PC與Microsoft Windows搭配的電腦系統作為運作環境以節省成本；具備十二大類資料要項；以員工本體為核心以連結各項暴露因素；具呈現暴露實態的特別功能；實際使用所呈現的主要的問題是操作面的，而不是功能性的問題，這個問題可藉由操作訓練予以解決。結論：建置完成的資料庫，能引導事業單位蒐集完整的暴露資料，有效的掌握員工職業暴露實態；了解單位內主要危害所在，作為調整管理策略與經費的參考依據。若此資料庫成為累積彙整全國事業單位暴露資料的平台，可作為國家勞工職業暴露危害管理決策及研究的有用工具。

Objectives: This study established a database for the assessment of chemical exposure among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan. With it, the exposure profile of workers can be properly documented and historical data can be used for administrative management and academic research. Methods: This employee occupational chemical exposure database was completed stepwise through data elements design, framework planning, computer system selection and program writing, function design, program testing and revision, and database implementation. Results: The database ran on IBM PC and Microsoft Windows in order to reduce cost. Twelve elements were included in the database. The context of all data elements was designed so that an exposure profile could be identified for each employee. Problems using the database are operational, not functional, and can be solved by operational training. Conclusions: The database directs each enterprise to systematically record complete exposure data and keep itself informed of each employee's exposure profile. The users may prioritize their controls and budgeting based on the exposure profile. For government, nationwide data would improve the management of occupational exposure and set research priorities.

1. Dunham ML,Bullock WH,Oestenstad RK.(2001).A practical approach to exposure assessment programs in the private sector: a partial validation study of a qualitative chemical exposure assessment model.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,16,257-262.
2. Harper M.(2004).Assessing workplace chemical exposures: the role of exposure monitoring.J Environ Monit,6,404-412.
3. Hay A.(2006).Controlling exposure to chemicals: a simple guide.Ann NY Acad Sci,1076,790-799.
4. Lippmann M,Gomez MR,Rawls GM.(1996).Data elements for occupational exposure databases: guidelines and recommendations for airborne hazards and noise.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,11,1294-1311.
5. Mäkinen M,Hämäläinen M,Forsman K,Liesivuori J.(2002).Chemical exposure and risk assessment at workplaces-modeling approach.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,17,744-749.
6. Money CD.(2001).The European chemical industry's needs and expectations for workplace exposure data.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,16,300-303.
7. Morgan DA.(2001).Occupational exposure databases and their application for the next millennium: symposium framework and workshop introduction.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,16,111-114.
8. Mulhausen JR,Damiano J.(1998).A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures.Fairfax:American Industrial Hygiene Association Press.
9. Ritchie PJ,Cherrie JW.(2001).The development of a prototype database for the voluntary reporting of occupational exposure data on chemicals.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,16,295-299.
10. Soto RJ,Kalan DA,Crisostomo B(1983).Data base management system for tracking occupational health.Am Ind Hyg Assoc J,44,389-394.
11. Van Leeuwen CJ (eds.),Vermeire TG. (eds.)(2007).Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction.Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Springer.
12. 勞工作業環境空氣中有害物容許濃度標準
13. 吳惠林、陳綉屏、李文昕(2007)。中小企業白皮書。台北:中華民國經濟部中小企業處。

1. 謝春金,戴靜怡,祝秋屏,岳淑芬,吳秋樺(2017)。提升手術室護理人員執行戊二醛防護之正確率。新臺北護理期刊，19(2)，73-84。