不安定僱用模式與受僱者健康之相關

The Association between Precarious Employment and Health Status among Employees in Taiwan

10.6288/TJPH2011-30-03-03

王佳雯(Chia-Wen Wang)；鄭雅文(Ya-Wen Cheng)；徐儆暉(Jin-Huei Hsu)

不安定僱用 ； 受僱者 ； 健康狀況 ； precarious employment ； employees ； health status

台灣公共衛生雜誌

30卷3期（2011 / 06 / 15）

217 - 227

繁體中文

目標：此研究旨在檢視台灣受僱者不安定僱用的盛行狀況，並探討不安定僱用與工作者健康狀況之相關。方法：我們分析2007年全國性25~65歲受僱者問卷調查之資料，包括男性9,303人，女性7,165人。以問卷詢問受測者之僱用契約狀態，並將其分為「安定僱用」與「不安定僱用模式」兩類，後者包括約聘僱、臨時性、短期性、季節性契約、派遣或人力仲介公司等類別。此調查並詢問受測者自評健康狀況、工作滿意度、生病缺勤、身體各部位痠痛、疲勞等面向。結果：分析結果顯示，台灣受僱者中有21%屬不安定僱用模式；不論男、女性，不安定僱用盛行於較高年齡層、低教育程度、低職等、小公司、工時短之受僱者族群。相較於長期受僱者，不安定僱用模式之受僱者有較差的自評健康、較高的工作不滿意度、較高的生病缺勤及身體痠痛不適等問題，此外，亦有較高的疲勞指數。結論：研究結果顯示，屬不安定僱用模式之受僱者，不僅職場工作條件較差，健康狀況亦較差，乃是職場健康促進工作需要關注的族群。

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of precarious employment and its association with health status among employees in Taiwan. Methods: We analyzed data from a national survey of 9303 male and 7165 female employees aged 25~65 years in 2007. Information with regard to the types of employment was obtained by questionnaire and dichotomized into permanent employment vs. precarious employment; the latter included contract-based, temporary, short-term, seasonal, or outsourced employment. Health status was also assessed by the questionnaire. This included self-rated health, job dissatisfaction, days of absenteeism due to sickness, bodily pain, and burnout status. Results: The results showed that 21% of employees were on precarious employment. For both genders, precarious employment was more prevalent among employees who were older, had a lower level of education, were in lower grades of employment, were employed in smaller enterprises, and had shorter working hours. When compared to workers with permanent employment, precarious employees had poorer self-rated health, higher levels of job dissatisfaction, higher risk of absenteeism due to sickness, more bodily pain, and higher scores for burnout status. Conclusions: These results suggested that workers with precarious employment were more likely to be exposed to adverse work conditions and had poorer health. These issues should be targets for health promotion at the worksite.

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