食品安全－事件觀、系統觀

Food Safety- Viewpoints from Issues and Systems

10.6288/TJPH201534104046

莊秀文(Sheu-Wen Chuang)；林怡淑(Yi-Shu Lin)

食品安全 ； 系統思考 ； 消費文化 ； 企業經營理念 ； food safety ； systems thinking ； consumer culture ； business philosophy

台灣公共衛生雜誌

34卷5期（2015 / 10 / 01）

548 - 556

繁體中文

目標：近年食安問題延燒不斷，各界人士在媒體上陸續表達對於此問題的投書，然而這些意見尚缺乏有系統地整理，本研究目的即為分析民眾對於食安問題之看法，並提出食品安全的整體系統觀。方法：本研究收集2014年九、十月四大平面媒體，在此期間對於食安事件的投書，並應用主題分析法解析讀者觀點，其次，依據系統理論，設計食安各層面向的系統架構圖。結果：本文共收集519則讀者投書，研究發現大多數的投書，對於食安問題的發生原因與改善觀點較為零散，且侷限於與事件直接有關的各別單一層面的肇因，其中又以因為政府之監督與管理的不當比例最高（77%），其次是對企業之信任（12.6%），相對較少以整體的觀點說明造成食安事件的完整性系統原因，尤其是較少從消費者自身角度與食品相關企業觀點出發，思考大眾消費文化的缺失，例如不理性的消費癖好，以及企業經營理念的失衡。結論：食品安全的維護有賴系統內相關成員共同的運作與合作，而非個別成員所能獨立促成。對於食品安全的促成，除政府已強化其執行功能與能力之外，進一步的做法是需要將所有相關成員的狹隘事件觀轉化為整合與縝密思考的系統觀。

Objectives: There have been a large number of letters to media editors to advocate readers' thoughts on food safety because of recent food industry scandals. Yet, no systematic analysis for these letters has been reported. We conducted a systemic analysis for these opinions and proposed the concept of food safety. Methods: We screened 4 major newspapers in Taiwan for all letters to the editors, about the food safety scandals, published in the media in September and October 2014. These opinions were summarized thematically based on the contents, followed by developing a model food safety management system based on systemic theory model. Results: We identified 519 readers’ letters from the media. Most of the letters provided one-sided viewpoints fragmentally focusing on the direct causes relating to food safety events. Approximate 77% of readers thought the problem of food safety was associated with the gaps of government supervision and administration, followed by the trust in the food industries (12.6%). However, lacking of an integrative thinking to elaborate the systemic causes of the food scandal events was indicated. These opinions suggested especially an inadequate consumer culture, i.e. unreasonable propensity to food products inherent in consumers, which was not coherent with the business philosophy of food industry corporations. Conclusions: Food safety relies on the cooperation and collaboration among all stakeholders in the food production, marketing and consumption chain rather than independent efforts of individuals. The government has to refine their functions and capacities to supervise the food industries to ensure safe food operation. In addition, the food industries and consumers need to take a further step shifting narrow viewpoints of issues to integrate their thought into deliberate systems toward a safe operation in food supply chains.

1. 林義屏、黃俊英、董玉娟(2004)。市場導向、組織學習、組織創新與組織績效間關係之研究：以科學園區資訊電子產業為例。管理評論，23，101-34。
   連結：
2. 曾建元(2010)。許文龍的企業經營與管理理念。中華行政學報，7，101-13。
   連結：
3. 楊忠意(2005)。日本企業的“經營理念”與值得借鏡之處探討。東亞論壇，450，115-25。
   連結：
4. 劉育成(2011)。突現作為弔詭：從整體／部分到形式／媒介之區別的社會系統理論觀察。政治與社會哲學評論，36，39-86。
   連結：
5. 台灣環境資訊協會：生態綠 綠色消費的力量。http://www.e-info.org.tw/zh-hant/2748。引用2015/03/31。Taiwan Environmental Information Association (TEIA). The power of green consumerism. Available at: http://www.e-info.org.tw/zh-hant/2748. Accessed March 31, 2015
6. 行政院食品安全辦公室：食品安全會報。http://www.ey.gov.tw/ofs/。引用2015/04/13。Food Safety Office, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Meeting about food safety. Available at: http://www.ey.gov.tw/ofs/. Accessed April 13, 2015. [In Chinese]
7. 柯志明：消費文化：一種致命的迷惑與宰制。http://life.fhl.net/Culture/consume.htm。引用2015/04/07。Ka CM. The culture of consumerism: fatal confusion and domination. Available at: http://life.fhl.net/Culture/consume.htm. Accessed April 7, 2015.
8. Ackoff, RL(1971).Towards a system of systems concepts.Manage Sci,17,661-71.
9. Checkland, P(1981).Systems Thinking, Systems Practice.New York:John Wiley& Sons.
10. Deming, WE,Orsini, J,Deming, Cahill, D(2013).The Essential Deming: Leadership Principles from the Father of Quality.NewYork:McGraw-Hill.
11. Helferich, J.(2011).System thinking and food safety.Proceedings of SDM Systems Thinking Conference for Contemporary Challenges,Cambridge, MA:
12. Jordan, JS(ed.)(1998).Systems Theories and a Priori Aspects of Perception.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science.
13. Pothukuchi, K,Kaufman, JL(2000).The food system-a stranger to the planning field.Am Plann Assoc,66,113-24.
14. 方世榮譯(2004)。行銷學原理。台北=Taipei:東華書局=Tung Hua Book Co., Ltd。
15. 王國川譯、翁千惠譯(2005)。質性資料分析－如何透視質性資料。台北=Taipei:五南圖書=Wu-Nan Book Inc。
16. 李如卿(2005)。台北=Taipei，國立台灣科技大學管理研究所=Graduate Institute of Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology。
17. 陳一姍、謝明玲(2013)。不健康的便宜殺了台灣美食。天下雜誌，535
18. 廖震元(2014)。從劣油風暴看見台灣希望。康健雜誌，192，2223。

1. 簡伶朱,賈培娟,陳怡樺,莊媖智,江椿彬,丁心恬(2022)。嬰幼兒母親對食品安全相關之政府信任及風險感知與其採用避險行為之路徑分析：以台北市某教學醫院為例。台灣公共衛生雜誌，41(1)，36-50。
2. 黎伊帆、陳為堅、連盈如、張純琦、江東亮(2018)。台灣公共衛生教育之發展與挑戰。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，37(5)，481-498。
3. 譚鴻仁,謝偉民(2021)。茶油的社會生命之探討－以臺灣北部地區為例。地理研究，74，61-83。