台灣校園近視防治軌跡

Trajectory of myopia prevention in Taiwanese schools

10.6288/TJPH201635104051

張麗春(Li-Chun Chang)；吳佩昌(Pei-Chang Wu)；牛玉珍(Yu-Zhen Niu)；陳敏麗(Min-Li Chen)；廖梨伶(Li-Ling Liao)

近視防治 ； 校園 ； 政策 ； vision care ； school ； policy

台灣公共衛生雜誌

35卷1期（2016 / 02 / 01）

17 - 30

繁體中文

學童視力惡化的情形一直是台灣教育與衛生主管機關所關注的健康議題，釐清校園推動視力保健的過去以及當前遭遇的困難乃為當務之急。本文針對歷年來台灣政府單位推動校園視力保健相關的官方文件、統計資料以及重要研究報告或調查等資料的分析，系統性的呈現出校園近視防治的軌跡。本文首先呈現全國學童視力不良率的嚴峻情形，並歸納出政府單位自1980年起至今，為了應對此問題所執行的視力保健政策的五個階段歷程，而自2010年起，學校開始運用實證性戶外活動保護因子做為校園視力保健的推動主軸後，國小學童視力不良情形已有改善之趨勢。本文進一步探討全國的眼科醫療資源不足與分布不均的現象，此為未來學童控度防盲上的重要挑戰。建議由中央成立跨部會小組推動近視防治，有效處理學童視力篩檢與複診的就醫問題、建立近視治療與控制之共識、結合校園與醫療之高度近視風險個案管理、積極推動近視防治之社區宣導、大眾媒體宣導與家長教育等，唯有透過中央與地方的協助合作，學校教師、家長與學童視力保健知能的提升，方能有效遏止台灣學童近視惡化的問題。

Worsening vision among school-age children has been a topic of concern for Taiwanese education and healthcare authorities. Hence, clarifying schools’ existing vision-care promotion strategies and their current difficulties has gained importance. This study systematically illustrates the trajectory of myopia prevention in schools based on an analysis of information on promotion of vision care polices in schools by Taiwan governmental units, including official documents, statistical data, and major research reports and surveys. This paper first presents the high prevalence rates of poor vision among school-age children across Taiwan. The measures adopted by governmental units to solve this problem since 1980 are summarized and categorized into five stages. After 2010, when schools began implementing an evidenced strategy of eye protection during outdoor activities, an improvement in poor vision among primary school children was observed. This paper further explores the nationwide phenomenon of insufficient and unevenly distributed ophthalmological medical resources that poses a significant challenge to controlling and preventing near-sightedness and blindness among school-age children. Finally, we suggest that the central government set up cross-departmental task forces to promote myopia prevention, effectively address difficulties in finding medical assistance for children’s vision problems, establish a consensus on the importance of myopia prevention, integrate school and medical myopia case management, actively promote myopia prevention in local communities, conduct outreach through mass media, and educate parents. By ensuring cooperation between the central and local governments, as well as improving the health knowledge and ability of teachers, parents and children, the increasing prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren can be effectively contained.

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