穀類研磨場所空氣細菌及真菌之分布特性

Characteristics of the distribution of airborne bacteria and fungi in grain processing plants

10.6288/TJPH201635105047

徐櫻芳(Ying-Fang Hsu)；楊心豪(Shin-Hao Yang)；黃筱茜(Hsiao-Chien Huang)；黃小林(Hsiao-Lin Huang)；莊啟佑(Chi-Yu Chuang)；洪粕宸(Po-Chen Hung)

穀類研磨 ； 職業衛生 ； 生物氣膠 ； 菌種 ； grain grinding ； occupational hygiene ； bioaerosol ； genera

台灣公共衛生雜誌

35卷5期（2016 / 10 / 01）

498 - 510

繁體中文

目標：針對穀類研磨場所空氣中之細菌及真菌等微生物進行調查，以瞭解其濃度與菌種等特性，並且評估製程與環境對其所產生之影響。方法：3家穀類研磨依照製程劃分為原料存放區、前置作業區、加工調理區及包裝區，於各區實施空氣中細菌與真菌每日三次採樣及環境條件量測與人員計數，而後進行濃度量測與菌種鑑定。結果：在3家穀類研磨作業場所中，場1細菌平均濃度為15,879 ± 6,515 CFU/m^3；場2為21,243 ± 5,258 CFU/m^3；場3為3,672±1,741CFU/m^3。場1真菌平均濃度為8,801 ± 1,566 CFU/m^3；場2為15,909±6,406 CFU/m^3；場3為3,954±1,903 CFU/m^3。3家穀類研磨場之空氣中真菌與細菌濃度場內/場外比例則介於5-10倍之間，顯示場內確有污染來源貢獻，惟三階段採樣時段與不同製程之細菌與真菌濃度，均未有觀察到統計顯著差異。整合3場細菌中優勢菌種則發現，研磨場1以Pseudoxanthomonas (61.50%)與Brevibacterium (17.74%)；研磨場2之Thermomonas (45.24%)與Micrococcus (26.81%)；場3則以Pseudoxanthomonas (57.59%)與Micrococcus (23.19%)等細菌菌種佔大多數。另真菌菌種於3間穀類研磨作業場均以Aspergillus真菌屬佔大多數。結論：穀類研磨場所空氣中之細菌與真菌濃度顯著高於場外，建議可加強通風換氣與個人防護等職業衛生措施，以確保作業人員健康。

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the distribution of airborne microbes in three grain processing plants. Methods: Airborne bacteria and fungi were collected three times each day in four processing areas and outdoor locations at each plant during the study period. Results: In the three grain processing plants, the average bacterial concentrations were 15,879 ± 6,515 CFU/m^3, 21,243 ± 5,258 CFU/m^3 and 3,672 ± 1,741 CFU/m^3, respectively. The average fungal concentrations were 8,801 ± 1,566 CFU/m^3, 15,909 ± 6,406 CFU/m^3 and 3,954 ± 1,903 CFU/m^3, respectively. The ratio of indoor/outdoor microbial concentration was 5-10. In grain processing plant Number1, Pseudoxanthomonas (61.50%) and Brevibacterium (17.74%) were the predominant airborne bacteria. Thermomonas (45.24%) and Micrococcus (26.81%) and Pseudoxanthomonas (57.59%) and Micrococcus (23.19%) were the predominant bacteria in plants Number 2. and 3, respectively. Aspergillus (39.47%~79.72%) was the sole dominant airborne fungus found in all three plants. Conclusions: Grain processing plants may have high concentrations of airborne microbes inside them. Improvements in the rate of ventilation and local exhaust equipment should be considered in order to control biological contamination. We also suggest that workers should wear personal protective equipment to ensure occupational health.

1. Aringoli, EE,Cambiagno, DE,Chiericatti, CA,Basilico, JC,Basilico, ML(2012).Mycoflora study in a wheat flour mill of Argentina.Braz J Microbio,43,1444-51.
2. Dacarro, C,Grisoli, P,Del Frate, G,Villani, S,Grignani, E,Cottica, D(2005).Micro-organisms and dust exposure in an Italian grain mill.J Appl Microbiol,98,163-71.
3. Desai, MR,Ghosh, SK(2003).Occupational exposure to airborne fungi among rice mill workers with special reference to aflatoxin producing A. flavus strains.Ann Agric Environ Med,10,159-62.
4. Dorribo, V,Wild, P,Pralong, JA(2015).Respiratory health effects of fifteen yearsof improved collective protection in a wheat-processing worker population.Ann Agric Environ Med,22,647-54.
5. Halstensen, AS,Heldal, KK,Wouters, IM,Skogstad, M,Ellingsen, DG,Eduard, W(2013).Exposure to grain dust and microbial components in the Norwegian grain and compound feed industry.Ann Occup Hyg,57,1105-14.
6. Malik, A,Ali, S,Shahid, M,Bhargava, R(2014).Occupational exposure to Aspergillus and aflatoxins among foodgrain workers in India.Int J Occup Environ Health,20,189-93.
7. O'Shaughnessy, P,Peters, T,Donham, K,Taylor, C,Altmaier, R,Kelly, K(2012).Assessment of swine worker exposures to dust and endotoxin during hog load-out and power washing.Ann Occup Hyg,56,843-51.
8. Schwartz, DA,Thorne, PS,Yagla, SJ(1995).The role of endotoxin in grain dust-induced lung disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,152,603-8.
9. Tsai, MY,Liu, HM(2009).Exposure to culturable airborne bioaerosols during noodle manufacturing in central Taiwan.Sci Total Environ,407,1536-46.
10. 施明智、蕭思玉、蔡敏郎(2013)。食品加工學。台北=Taipei:五南出版社=Wu-Nan Book Inc。
11. 洪粕宸、徐櫻芳、楊心豪(2016)。製香業作業場所衛生問題調查與改善策略評估。台北=Taipei:勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所=Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, R.O.C. (Taiwan)。
12. 羅金翔、黃筱茜、洪粕宸、陳敬華、莊佑(2016)。衣物乾洗作業環境調查與現場輔導。台北=Taipei:勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所=Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, R.O.C. (Taiwan)。