應用空間資訊技術探討環境綠蔽度與雙相情緒障礙症之空間關聯－以台北都會區為例

Association between surrounding greenness and bipolar disorder using spatial informatics: a study in Taipei

10.6288/TJPH.201810_37(5).107047

陳映融(YINQ-RONG CHERN)；洪語晨(YU-CHEN HUNG)；潘文驥(WEN-CHI PAN)；龍世俊(SHIH-CHUN CANDICE LUNG)；吳治達(CHIH-DA WU)

環境綠蔽度 ； 雙相情緒障礙症 ； 心理健康 ； 常態化差異植生指標 ； 空間資訊技術 ； surrounding greenness ； bipolar disorder ； mental health ； Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ； spatial informatics

台灣公共衛生雜誌

37卷5期（2018 / 10 / 22）

514 - 526

繁體中文

目標：本研究整合地理資訊系統、遙感探測技術以及統計模型，以探討環境綠蔽度與雙相情緒障礙症之關聯。方法：本研究經由健保資料庫承保抽樣歸人檔以獲取2003年至2012年台北都會區（含台北市及新北市）各鄉鎮雙相情緒障礙症之季發生率資訊；並透過MODIS之全球常態化差異植生指標（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）資料庫，以量化環境綠蔽度；最後使用廣義加乘混合模型，在校正社會經濟、人口學、環境、共病症等可取得之風險因子與時空自相關情況下，探討環境綠蔽程度與雙相情緒障礙症發生率之關聯性。結果：研究結果發現，NDVI與雙相情緒障礙症發生率之關聯達到統計上之極顯著水準（p＜0.01），係數值為-0.51（95%CI: -0.68, -0.48），取自然對數後得相對風險值為0.60（95%CI: 0.51, 0.71），代表當鄉鎮之NDVI每上升一個四分位距（IQR=0.33）時，雙相情緒障礙症之發生率會降至原來的0.60倍。結論：由此可知，環境綠蔽度的增加與雙相情緒障礙症發生率的減緩具有正向的關聯性。

Objectives: This study investigated the association between surrounding greenness and bipolar disorder in the Taipei metropolitan area (Taipei City and New Taipei City) using a geographic information system and remote sensing technologies. Methods: The seasonal incidence of bipolar disorder from 2003 to 2012 for each township in the Taipei metropolitan area was calculated based on medical records extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Surrounding greenness information was collected as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) provided by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The generalized additive mixed model was applied to examine the relationship between surrounding greenness and bipolar incidence after adjusting for socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and comorbidity. Results: Accounting for potential confounding variables, we found a statistically significant negative relationship between NDVI and bipolar incidence (regression coefficient: -0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.68, -0.48; p＜0.01). The adjusted relative risk for bipolar incidence was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.51-0.71) per interquartile range increment (0.33) on NDVI. Conclusions: Surrounding greenness is statistically associated with bipolar incidence in the Taipei metropolitan area.

1. 李崇睿、龍世俊、吳治達(2013)。乾淨空氣何處尋？空氣污染暴險之人口及地理不均等分布。人口學刊，47，1-33。
   連結：
2. 林民浩、楊安琪、溫在弘(2011)。利用地區差異與人口學特徵評估全民健保資料庫人口居住地變項之推估原則。台灣衛誌，30，347-61。
   連結：
3. 侯佩君、杜素豪、廖培珊、洪永泰、章英華(2008)。台灣鄉鎮市區類型之研究：「台灣社會變遷基本調查」第五期計畫之抽樣分層效果分析。調查研究─方法與應用，23，7-32。
   連結：
4. 陳映融、吳治達、潘文驥(2016)。老年人口自殺與熱島效應之空間關聯分析：以2000 年至2008年台北都會區生態調查研究為例。台灣衛誌，35，406-17。
   連結：
5. Berk, M,Kapczinski, F,Andreazza, AC(2011).Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors.Neurosci Biobehav Rev,35,804-17.
6. Bih, SH,Chien, IC,Chou, YJ,Lin, CH,Lee, CH,Chou, P(2008).The treated prevalence and incidence of bipolar disorder among national health insurance enrollees in Taiwan, 1996-2003.Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,43,860-5.
7. Boldo, E,Linares, C,Lumbreras, J(2011).Health impact assessment of a reduction in ambient PM2.5 levels in Spain.Environ Int,37,342-8.
8. Bullock, B,Murray, G,Meyer, D(2017).Highs and lows, ups and downs: meteorology and mood in bipolar disorder.PLoS One,12,e0173431.
9. Didan, K(2015).Didan K. MOD13Q1 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS LP DAAC 2015. doi:10.5067/MODIS/MOD13Q1.006.
10. Farren, CK,Hill, KP,Weiss, RD(2012).Bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder: a review.Curr Psychiatry Rep,14,659-66.
11. Hibbeln, JR,Nieminen, LR,Blasbalg, TL,Riggs, JA,Lands, WE(2006).Healthy intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity.Am J Clin Nutr,83,1483S-93S.
12. Lee, HC,Tsai, SY,Lin, HC(2007).Seasonal variations in bipolar disorder admissions and the association with climate: a population-based study.J Affect Disord,97,61-9.
13. Li, Q(2010).Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function.Environ Health Prev Med,15,9-17.
14. Lim, SS,Vos, T,Flaxman, AD(2012).A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.Lancet,380,2224-60.
15. Mackay, GJ,Neill, JT(2010).The effect of "green exercise" on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness: a quasi-experimental study.Psychol Sport Exerc,11,238-45.
16. Merikangas, KR,Jin, R,He, JP(2011).Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative.Arch Gen Psychiatry,68,241-51.
17. Neumeister, A,Konstantinidis, A,Stastny, J(2002).Association between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion in healthy women with and without family history of depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry,59,613-20.
18. Tsuchiya, KJ,Agerbo, E,Byrne, M,Mortensen, PB(2004).Higher socio-economic status of parents may increase risk for bipolar disorder in the offspring.Psychol Med,34,787-93.
19. Verbeke, G,Molenberghs, G(2009).Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data.New York, NY:Springer.
20. 內政部統計處：社會經濟資料服務平台。https://segis.moi.gov.tw/STAT/Web/Platform/QueryInterface/STAT_QueryInterface.aspx?Type=0。引用2018/06/04。Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Socioeconomic information service platform. Available at: https://segis.moi.gov.tw/STAT/Web/Platform/QueryInterface/STAT_QueryInterface.aspx?Type=0. Accessed June 4, 2018. [In Chinese]
21. 台北市政府主計處：台北市統計資料庫查詢系統。http://210.69.61.217/pxweb2007-tp/dialog/statfile9.asp。引用2018/06/04。Department of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Taipei City Government. Taipei City statistical database query system. Available at: http://210.69.61.217/pxweb2007-tp/dialog/statfile9.asp. Accessed June 4, 2018. [In Chinese]
22. 徐翊健譯、高廉程譯、張杰譯(2018)。DSM-5精神疾病診斷與統計。新北市=New Taipei City:合記圖書=Ho-Chi Publishing Co.。
23. 徐儷瑜、黃君瑜、古黃守廉、曾幼涵議(2014)。變態心理學。台北=Taipei:雙葉書廊出版社=Yeh Yeh Book Gallery。
24. 財政部財政資訊中心：業務統計。https://www.fia.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=7769B1BD01306B45&sms=BD450CA810662F3D。引用2018/06/04。Fiscal Information Agency, Ministry of Finance Service statistics. Available at: https://www.fia.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=7769B1BD01306B45&sms=BD450CA810662F3D. Accessed June 4, 2018. [In Chinese]
25. 新北市政府主計處：新北市統計資料庫。http://pxweb.bas.ntpc.gov.tw/pxweb/dialog/statfile9_n.asp。引用2018/06/04。Department of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, New Taipei City Government. New Taipei City statistical database. Available at: http://pxweb.bas.ntpc.gov.tw/pxweb/dialog/statfile9_n.asp. Accessed June 4, 2018. [In Chinese]
26. 潘建志、沈武典、陳碧玉、鄧惠文(2001)。天氣、氣溫與自殺間的關係。台灣精神醫學會九十年度學術論文研討會，台北=Taipei:
27. 衛生福利部中央健康保險署：102年全民健康保險統計。https://www.nhi.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=BFAE9C7F5523C596&topn=CDA985A80C0DE710&upn=C5A20D908B8C5BFF。引用2018/06/04。National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, R.O.C. (Taiwan). National health insurance annual statistical report, 2013. Available at: https://www.nhi.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=BFAE9C7F5523C596&topn=CDA985A80C0DE710&upn=C5A20D908B8C5BFF. Accessed June 4, 2018. [In Chinese]