2021年國際健康數據治理概況

Overview of international health data governance in 2021

10.6288/TJPH.202202_41(1).110041

葉咨甫(Tzu-Fu Yeh)；林澂(Chen Lin)

健康數據 ； 數據治理 ； 數據共享 ； 隱私保護 ； 數據民主化 ； health data ； data governance ； data sharing ； privacy protection ； data democratization

台灣公共衛生雜誌

41卷1期（2022 / 02 / 25）

7 - 15

繁體中文

COVID-19不僅威脅生命，而且對全球經濟造成巨大危害。健康數據推動21世紀衛生部門在治療和護理的變革。國際組織呼籲加強健康數據治理，實現數據安全共享和隱私保護。本文摘錄Jillian Oderkirk在經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）衛生工作文件第127號的國際統計調查，介紹國際健康數據整合、治理、隱私和共享的發展概況。本文發現大多數國家都了解健康數據治理的重要性，但在現實中仍面臨諸多挑戰，僅有少數國家在健康數據治理方面表現突出，但距離健康數據「民主化」還很遙遠。最後是台灣健康數據發展概況，並簡要介紹目前全球數據治理的主流方案。

The COVID-19 pandemic has endangered human life and damaged the global economy. The development of artificial intelligence and medical technology depends on the continuous supply of high-quality health data. With the wide availability of health data, the importance of data governance cannot be understated. Health data have enabled reforms in medical diagnosis and treatment. International organizations call for strengthened health data governance to achieve data security and privacy protection. This paper, which is an excerpt from an international statistical survey in OECD Health Working Paper No. 127, provides an international governance-based overview of the integration, governance, privacy, and sharing of international health data. This study revealed that the governments of most countries understand the importance of health data governance but face many related challenges. Only a few countries have outstanding performance in health data governance, and they have not achieved the democratization of health data. Finally, this paper provides an overview of Taiwan's health data development and introduces current mainstream data governance solutions.

1. OECD Economics Department Policy Notes. Health care systems: getting more value for money. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/economy/growth/46508904.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2021.
2. Banger A, Graber M. Recent evidence that health IT improves patient safety. Available at: https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/brief_1_final_feb11t.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2021.
3. Barbabella F, Melchiorre MG, Quattrini S, Papa R, Lamura G. How can eHealth improve care for people with multimorbidity in Europe? Available at: http://www.icare4eu.org/pdf/PB_25.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2021.
4. Huesch M, Mosher T. Using it or losing it? The case for data scientists inside, health care. Available at: https://catalyst.nejm.org/case-data-scientists-inside-health-care/. Accessed October 17, 2021.
5. Melchiorre, M,Papa, R,Rijken, M,van Ginneken, E,Hujala, A,Barbabella, F(2018).eHealth in integrated care programs for people with multimorbidity in Europe: insights from the ICARE4EU project.Health Policy,122,53-63.
6. Oderkirk J. Survey results: national health data infrastructure and governance. Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/survey-results-national-health-data-infrastructure-and-governance_55d24b5d-en. Accessed October 17, 2021.
7. OECD,European Union(2020).Health at a Glance: Europe 2020: State of Health in the EU Cycle.Paris:OECD Publishing.
8. OECD,WHO,World Bank Group(2018).Delivering Quality Health Services: A Global Imperative.Geneva:WHO.
9. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development=OECD(2019).Health Policy Studies. Health in the 21st Century: Putting Data to Work for Stronger Health Systems.Paris:OECD Publishing.
10. Ruhaak A. How data trusts can protect privacy. MIT Tech Rev 2021 February (Cited 2022 Jan 26). Available from: URL: https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/02/24/1017801/data-trust-cybersecurity-big-tech-privacy
11. Socha-Dietrich, K(2021).Empowering the Health Workforce to Make the Most of the Digital Revolution.Paris:OECD Publishing.
12. 世界衛生組織：2020–2025年數位衛生全球戰略草案。https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/200067ec-lb-full-draft-digital-health-strategy-liu.pdf。引用2021/10/17。 WHO. World Health Organization Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020-2025. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/200067ec-lb-full-draft-digital-health-strategy-liu.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2021. [In Chinese]
13. 台灣人權促進會：健保資料庫行政訴訟案。https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/NHRI-lazy。引用2022/01/26。Taiwan Association for Human Rights. The case of administrative action of National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Available at: https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/NHRI-lazy. Accessed January 26, 2022. [In Chinese]
14. 洪綾襄：台灣A I醫療進程卡在法規緊箍咒。https://www.wealth.com.tw/articles/92561eb4-84c9-43c2-8fbd-9f70e61121dc。引用2022/01/26。Hong LS. The progress of Taiwan medical AI is stuck in regulations. Available at: https://www.wealth.com.tw/articles/92561eb4-84c9-43c2-8fbd-9f70e61121dc. Accessed January 26, 2022. [In Chinese]
15. 張武修：衛生福利部中央健康保險署提供之全民健康保險保險人資訊整合應用服務調查報告(監察院109內調0096)。https://www.cy.gov.tw/CyBsBoxContent.aspx?n=133&s=17297，引用2022/01/26。Chang WP. National Health Insurance Administration provides the investigation report of “Applied Health Research Data Integration Service from National Health Insurance Administration” (Control Yuan No. 109 Internal 0096 Document). Available at: https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/NHRI-lazy https://www.tahr.org.tw/news/NHRI-lazy. Accessed January 26, 2022. [In Chinese]