新內生發展與在地行動之研究：以宜蘭縣三興社區發展協會為例

Neo-endogenous and Local action: San-Hsing Community Development Association in Yilan County

季美珍(Mei-Jen Chi)

新內生發展 ； 社區產業 ； 關係網絡 ； Neo-endogenous development ； Community's economy ； Network of Relationship

土地經濟年刊

31期（2020 / 07 / 01）

136 - 175

繁體中文

長期以來，諸多國家的農村受到農業結構調整僵化，而富裕不再。OECD為解決農村衰退問題，遂於2006年提出新鄉村典範（OECD，2006：14-15）賦予農村新面貌，惟新鄉村典範將農村發展帶入地域（Territority）的層面，且非單一部門得以解決農村衰退問題，因此，新鄉村典範的原則為「投資」和聚焦於「地方」，所欲達成的目的為「鄉村地區競爭力、維持地方資產的價值、開發未利用的資源」。農村如何整備其應有的競爭力之一係地方資產價值的維護與開發未利用的資源。至於，農村在地資源為何？該資源之權屬為誰所有？惟盤點出農村內部的在地資源，尚具備將資源轉換惟農村經濟的途徑。首先，規劃農村再生計畫之產業活化，透過農村再生政策方針執行策略之由下而上的動員村民參與，在中央主管機關以農村再生基金的由上而下的補助途徑，將在地資源與外部予以連結，乃至建構為網絡關係。其次，農村社區創設社區產業，運用中央或地方政府機關推動之政策，與地方資源連結，將外部資源導入社區與村民共享。本文以新內生發展理論檢視農村社區之在地組織推動在地行動，如何滿足在地居民需求；其次，在地組織與外部資源間如何建構關係網絡，引導外部資源進入農村。本文以宜蘭縣五結鄉三興社區為例，社區發展在社區發展協會創設之社區產業與政府資源的協力下，提供村民工作收入機會與關懷村民行動之經費來源，透過個案訪談與臉書觀察，發現：1.社區發展協會將居民需求轉換為公共事務，成為多數人的事物。2.運用公共事務的實踐，發掘在地資源。3.未落實社區永續經營，建立領導人育成機制。

For a long time, the rural structure of many countries has been stiffened by the adjustment of agricultural structure, while the rich are no longer. In order to solve the problem of rural recession, the OECD proposed a new rural model in 2006 (OECD, 2006: 14-15) to give the rural a new look. Local resources in rural areas include culture, human resous, social, economic, and other aspects. The article review the New-endogenous development of community development associations to promote its local actions, and build a network of local organizations and external resources through preliminary interviews and Facebook observations. I found that: 1. the community development association transformed the needs of residents into public affairs and became the thing of the majority; 2. the practice of public affairs was used to explore local assets; 3. the sustainable operation of the community was not implemented, and a leader training mechanism must be established.

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