题名

避險是否能增加家族企業的公司價值?

并列篇名

Does Hedging Really Increase Family Firms' Value?

DOI

10.6160/SYSMR.202206_30(3).0003

作者

黃柏凱(Po-Kai Huang);林玉君(Yu-Chun Lin);張淑菁(Shu-Ching Chang)

关键词

家族企業 ; 使用衍生性商品 ; 避險 ; 公司價值 ; 內部化 ; Family Firms ; Derivatives Use ; Hedging ; Firm Value ; Family Board of Director or CEO

期刊名称

中山管理評論

卷期/出版年月

30卷3期(2022 / 06 / 01)

页次

515 - 554

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

本研究探討家族企業使用衍生性商品對公司價值的影響。以2005年至2015年臺灣上市櫃公司為研究樣本,依據公司財務報表揭露之使用衍生性商品目的,排除進行交易目的的家族企業。實證結果顯示,當家族企業使用衍生性商品時,對公司價值具有顯著的負向影響,特別是在家族企業成立年數偏低或是董事長、總經理為家族企業成員(即內部化)。董事會的監督能力會受到內部化的影響而降低,使得家族企業從事衍生性商品的決策品質不佳,造成公司績效下降;但是在家族企業中,若董事長或總經理不是家族成員,反而可以找到最適合的避險方案,因此提高公司績效。本文提出家族企業使用衍生性商品對公司價值有負向影響的可能原因,研究結果具有實務性意涵。

英文摘要

This study investigates the effects of hedging policies on the firm value for family firms. Based on the public listed family firms in Taiwan during 2005-2015, we identified hedging policies of firms according to the disclosures of financial derivatives in financial statements, and excluded family firms using derivatives for speculation purpose. The results show that the usage of derivatives is negatively associated with firm value for family firms, especially for newly family firms or firms with family board of director or CEO. However, family firms with professional board of director or CEO experience an increase in firms' value by optimal risk management decisions. Our results provide reasons that why family firms' using derivatives for hedging significantly reduce firms' value. The empirical results of this study provided implications in practice.

主题分类 社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 何加政, C. C.,黃柏凱, P. K.(2011)。公司使用衍生性商品避險、公司價值與資訊不對稱。證券市場發展季刊,23(3),115-152。
    連結:
  2. 別蓮蒂, L. T.,陳怡穆, Y. M.(2011)。廣告量對品牌態度與購買率之長期影響。管理學報,28(6),545-563。
    連結:
  3. 林穎芬, Y. F.,洪晨桓, C. H.,陳羽甄, Y. Z.(2011)。家族與非家族企業之總經理替換與相對績效的關聯-以台灣上市公司為例。管理評論,30(3),25-47。
    連結:
  4. 張力, L.,蔡函芳, H. F.,林翠蓉, T. J.,王禹軒, Y. H.,洪榮華, J. H.(2013)。家族企業特性與經理人過度自信對其舉債決策之影響。中山管理評論,21(1),123-163。
    連結:
  5. 許永聲, Y. S.,陳信吉, H. C.,陳琬菁, W. C.(2013)。董事會特性與盈餘管理之選擇行為。會計評論,57,39-72。
    連結:
  6. 郭翠菱, T. L.,王志洋, C. Y.(2017)。公司治理如何影響家族企業之績效?長期縱貫分析。會計評論,64,61-111。
    連結:
  7. 陳一如, I. J.(2009)。創新能力與公司治理程度對多角化公司價值的影響:以台灣電子業為例。管理評論,28(2),51-75。
    連結:
  8. 陳俞如, Y. J.,林卓民, C. M.,陳衍佑, Y. Y.(2013)。代理問題、資訊揭露和資本投資現金流量敏感性。管理與系統,20(3),583-609。
    連結:
  9. 黃柏凱, P. K.(2015)。公司使用衍生性商品投機的決定因素與對價值的影響。證券市場發展季刊,27(3),65-104。
    連結:
  10. 葉銀華, Y. H.(1999)。家族控股集團、核心企業與報酬互動之研究-台灣與香港證券市場之比較。管理評論,18(2),59-86。
    連結:
  11. Ahn, S. C.,Low, S.(1996).A Reformulation of the Hausman Test for Regression Models with Pooled Cross-Section Time-Series Data.Journal of Econometrics,71(1-2),309-319.
  12. Allayannis, G.,Lel, U.,Miller, D. P.(2012).The Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value around the World.Journal of International Economics,87(1),65-79.
  13. Allayannis, G.,Ofek, E.(2001).Exchange Rate Exposure, Hedging, and the Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives.Journal of International Money and Finance,20(2),273-296.
  14. Allayannis, G.,Weston, J. P.(2001).The Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives and Firm Market Value.Review of Financial Studies,14(1),243-276.
  15. Amberg, N.,Friberg, R.(2016).Three Approaches to Risk Management and How and Why Swedish Companies Use Them.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,28(1),86-94.
  16. Anderson, R. C.,Bizjak, J. M.(2003).An Empirical Examination of the Role of the CEO and the Compensation Committee in Structuring Executive Pay.Journal of Banking and Finance,27(7),1323-1348.
  17. Anderson, R. C.,Reeb, D. M.(2003).Founding Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500.Journal of Finance,58(3),1301-1328.
  18. Anderson, R. C,Duru, A.,Reeb, D. M.(2012).Investment Policy in Family Controlled Firms.Journal of Banking and Finance,36(6),1744-1758.
  19. Arellano, M.(1993).On the Testing of Correlated Effects with Panel Data.Journal of Econometrics,59(1-2),87-97.
  20. Baltagi, B. H.(2001).Econometric Analysis of Panel Data.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
  21. Barth, M. E.,Landsman, W. R.,Taylor, D. J.(2017).The JOBS Act and Information Uncertainty in IPO Firms.Accounting Review,92(6),25-47.
  22. Berkman, H.,Bradbury, M. E.(1996).Empirical Evidence on the Corporate Use of Derivatives.Financial Management,25(2),5-13.
  23. Blumentritt, T. P.,Keyt, A. D.,Astrachan, J. H.(2007).Creating an Environment for Successful Nonfamily CEOs: An Exploratory Study of Good Principals.Family Business Review,20(4),321-335.
  24. Boyabatli, O.,Toktay, L. B.(2004).,Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business.
  25. Breeden, D.,Viswanathan, S.(2016).Why Do Firms Hedge? An Asymmetric Information Model.Journal of Fixed Income,25(3),7-25.
  26. Cameron, A. C.,Gelbach, J. B.,Miller, D. L.(2011).Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering.Journal of Business & Economic Statistics,29(2),238-249.
  27. Carter, D. A.,Rogers, D. A.,Simkins, B. J.(2006).Does Hedging Affect Firm Value? Evidence from the US Airline Industry.Financial Management,35(1),53-86.
  28. Chaplinsky, S.,Hanley, K. W.,Moon, S. K.(2017).The JOBS Act and the Costs of Going Public.Journal of Accounting Research,55(4),795-836.
  29. Claessens, S.,Djankov, S.,Lang, L. H.P.(2000).The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Corporations.Journal of Financial Economics,58(1-2),81-112.
  30. Cohen, S.,Lauterbach, B.(2008).Differences in Pay between Owner and Non-owner CEOs: Evidence from Israel.Journal of Multinational Financial Management,18(1),4-15.
  31. Core, J. E.,Holthausen, R. W.,Larcker, D. F.(1999).Corporate Governance, Chief Executive Officer Compensation, and Firm Performance.Journal of Financial Economics,51(3),371-406.
  32. Dadalt, P.,Gay, G. D.,Nam, J.(2002).Asymmetric Information and Corporate Derivatives Use.Journal of Futures Markets,22(3),241-267.
  33. De Cesari, A.,Gonenc, H.,Ozkan, N.(2016).The Effects of Corporate Acquisitions on CEO Compensation and CEO Turnover of Family Firms.Journal of Corporate Finance,38(June),294-317.
  34. DeMarzo, P. M.,Duffie, D.(1995).Corporate Incentives for Hedging and Hedge Accounting.Review of Financial Studies,8(3),743-771.
  35. Demsetz, H.,Lehn, K.(1985).The Structure of Corporate Ownership: Causes and Consequences.Journal of Political Economy,93(6),1155-1177.
  36. Diamond, D. W.(1989).Reputation Acquisition in Debt Markets.Journal of Political Economy,97(4),828-862.
  37. Froot, K.,Scharfstein, D. S.,Stein, J. C.(1993).Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies.Journal of Finance,48(5),1629-1658.
  38. Geczy, C. C.,Minton, B. A.,Schrand, C. M.(1997).Why Firms Use Currency Derivatives.Journal of Finance,52(4),1323-1354.
  39. Gomez-Mejia, L. R.,Nuñez-Nickel, M.,Gutierrez, I.(2001).The Role of Family Ties in Agency Contracts.Academy of Management Journal,44(1),81-95.
  40. Gompers, P.,Ishii, J.,Metrick, A.(2003).Corporate Governance and Equity Prices.Quarterly Journal of Economics,118(1),107-156.
  41. Gow, I. D.,Ormazabal, G.,Taylor, D. J.(2010).Correcting for Cross-sectional and Time-series Dependence in Accounting Research.Accounting Review,85(2),483-512.
  42. Hausman, J. A.(1978).Specification Tests in Econometrics.Econometrica,46(6),1251-1271.
  43. Heckman, J. J.(1979).Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.Econometrica,47(1),153-161.
  44. Hillier, D.,McColgan, P.(2009).Firm Performance and Managerial Succession in Family Managed Firms.Journal of Business Finance and Accounting,36(3-4),461-484.
  45. Hoberg, G.,Moon, S. K.(2017).Offshore Activities and Financial vs Operational Hedging.Journal of Financial Economics,125(2),217-244.
  46. Huang, P.,Zhang, Y., D.,Donald, R.,Moffitt, J. S.(2009).Do Artificial Income Smoothing and Real Income Smoothing Contribute to Firm Value Equivalently?.Journal of Banking and Finance,33(2),224-233.
  47. Jensen, M. C.,Meckling, W. H.(1976).Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.Journal of Financial Economics,3(4),305-360.
  48. Kim, C.,Pantzalis, C.,Park, J. C.(2014).Do Family Owners Use Firm Hedging Policy to Hedge Personal Undiversified Wealth Risk?.Financial Management,43(2),415-444.
  49. La Porta, R.,Lopez-De-Silanes, F.,Shleifer, A.(1999).Corporate Ownership Around the World.Journal of Finance,54(2),471-517.
  50. Lang, M.(1991).Time-varying Stock Price Response to Earnings Induced by Uncertainty about the Time-series Process of Earnings.Journal of Accounting Research,29(2),229-257.
  51. Lel, U.(2012).Currency Hedging and Corporate Governance: A Cross-country Analysis.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2),221-237.
  52. Lennox, C. S.,Francis, J. R.,Wang, Z.(2012).Selection Models in Accounting Research.Accounting Review,87(2),589-616.
  53. Lin, J. B.,Pantzalis, C.,Park, J. C.(2007).Corporate Use of Derivatives and Excess Value of Diversification.Journal of Banking and Finance,31(3),889-913.
  54. Ma, M.(2017).Economic Links and the Spillover Effect of Earnings Quality on Market Risk.Accounting Review,92(6),213-245.
  55. March, J. G.(ed.)(1965).Handbook of Organizations.Chicago, IL:Rand McNally.
  56. McConaughy, D. L.(2000).Family CEOs vs. Nonfamily CEOs in the Family-controlled Firm: An Examination of the Level and Sensitivity of Pay to Performance.Family Business Review,13(2),121-131.
  57. Nance, D. R.,Smith, C. W., Jr.,Smithson, C. W.(1993).On the Determinants of Corporate Hedging.Journal of Finance,48(1),267-281.
  58. Pérez‐González, F.,Yun, H.(2013).Risk Management and Firm Value: Evidence from Weather Derivatives.Journal of Finance,68(5),2143-2176.
  59. Petersen, M. A.(2009).Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches.Review of Financial Studies,22(1),435-480.
  60. Pittman, J. A.,Fortin, S.(2004).Auditor Choice and the Cost of Debt Capital for Newly Public Firms.Journal of Accounting and Economics,37(1),113-136.
  61. Shleifer, A.,Vishny, R. W.(1986).Large Shareholders and Corporate Control.Journal of Political Economy,94(3),461-488.
  62. Shleifer, A.,Vishny, R. W.(1997).A Survey of Corporate Governance.Journal of Finance,52(2),737-783.
  63. Smith, C. W.,Stulz, R. M.(1985).The Determinants of Firms’ Hedging Policies.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,20(4),391-405.
  64. Solomon, J. F.,Lin, S. W.,Norton, S. D.,Solomon, A.(2003).Corporate Governance in Taiwan: Empirical Evidence from Taiwanese Company Directors.Corporate Governance: An International Review,11(3),235-248.
  65. Stiglitz, J. E.,Weiss, A.(1981).Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information.The American Economic Review,71(3),393-410.
  66. Stulz, R. M.(1984).Optimal Hedging Policies.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,19(2),127-140.
  67. Tan, W. L.,Fock, S. T.(2001).Coping with Growth Transitions: The Case of Chinese Family Business in Singapore.Family Business Review,14(2),123-140.
  68. Thompson, S. B.(2011).Simple Formulas for Standard Errors that Cluster by Both Firm and Time.Journal of Financial Economics,99(1),1-10.
  69. Tufano, P.(1996).Who Manages Risk? An Empirical Examination of Risk Management Practices in the Gold Mining Industry.Journal of Finance,51(4),1097-1137.
  70. Villalonga, B.,Amit, R.(2006).How Do Family Ownership, Control and Management Affect Firm Value.Journal of Financial Economics,80(2),385-417.
  71. Yeh, C. Y.,Yeh, S. K.,Chen, R. R.(2014).Liquidity Discount in the Opaque Market: The Evidence from Taiwan's Emerging Stock Market.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,29,297-309.
  72. Yeh, Y. H.,Lee, T. S.,Woidtke, T.(2001).Family Control and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Taiwan.International Review of Finance,2(1-2),21-48.
  73. 何宗武(2014).追蹤資料分析:原理與R程式實務.台北:雙葉書廊.
  74. 張仲岳, C. Y.,蔡彥卿, Y. C.,劉啟群, C. C.,薛富井, F. J.(2018).中級會計學.臺北=Taipei:東華書局=Tung Hua Book Co., Ltd..
  75. 張紹基, S. C.,黃薏萍, Y. P.(2001)。衍生性金融商品在公司風險管理上的使用情形-臺灣與其它國家之比較。中山管理評論,9(3),471-496。
  76. 鍾喜梅, H. M.,劉韻僖, Y. S.,葉匡時, K. S.(2003)。我國上市公司家族控制力與董事會運作關係之探討。中山管理評論,11(2),341-365。