题名 |
技術創新與企業發展:以“永久黃”工業集團為例 |
并列篇名 |
Technical Innovation and Enterprise Development: A Study of Yong-jiou-huang Industry Group |
DOI |
10.29439/FJHJ.200507.0002 |
作者 |
劉文賓(Wen-Pin Liu) |
关键词 |
范旭東 ; 侯德榜 ; 永久黃工業集團 ; 侯氏鹼法 ; Fang Shü-dong ; Hou de-bang ; Yong-jiou-huang Industry Group ; Hou's alkali process |
期刊名称 |
輔仁歷史學報 |
卷期/出版年月 |
16期(2005 / 07 / 01) |
页次 |
161 - 188 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
就近代中國企業史的研究而言,過去較少論及企業技術層面的問題。筆者擬以化工實業家范旭東所創辦的「永久黃」工業集團爲例,闡明技術創新與企業發展的關係。 所謂「永久黃」工業集團,指的是范旭東創辦的久大精鹽公司(後改爲久大鹽業公司)、永利製鹼公司(後改爲永利化學工業公司)和黃海化學工業研究社。二十世紀初期,范旭東抱持「實業救國」的宗旨,在苦海鹽邊的塘沽地區,創建了「永久黃」團體,爲中國工業開闢了一個新的領域―基本化學工業,並爲之生存發展奉獻了畢生的精力。創業過程中,他強調「科學救國」,深切體認到技術創新對企業發展的重要,因此特別注重科學研究與科技人才的培養,打破先進製鹼技術長期由歐洲少數廠商壟斷的局面,實現了日本不能我們能的壯舉,不僅爲中國化學工業邁出最重要的一步,同時但爲自己創辦的企業,奠立了堅實的基礎。接著又跨足製酸工業,在國民政府支持下,蓋了一座南京硫酸錏廠,設備、規模均堪稱亞洲一流、可惜投產不到半年,即因抗日戰爭爆發,被迫拆毀。抗戰期間,「永久黃」團體雖靠舉債度日,卻仍本著科技興廠的信念,致力於技術創新,最後研發成功舉世聞名的「侯氏鹼法」,這是世界化學工業史上的一大革命。 「永久黃」工業集團的非凡成就,固然是范旭東等人的努力,但國民政府的積極扶植,則是不爭的事實,卻爲以往的學者所忽略,本文臚列相關檔案資料,論述政府角色在「永久黃」工業集團發展過程中的重要性。 |
英文摘要 |
Until recently, studies of modern Chinese enterprises paid little attention to the technical levels of enterprise operation. To remedy this long-existing ignorance, this, article tries to focus on chemical entrepreneur Fang Shü-dong's Yong-jiou-huang (Forever Yellow) Industry Group and to deliberate the relations between technical innovation and enterprise development. Yong-jiou-huang Industry Group, founded by Fang, consists of Jiou-da Salt Company, Yong-li Alkali Company and Huang-hai Society of Chemical Industry. In early twentieth century, Fang, embracing the ideal of ”Industry Saves the Nation”, founded Yong-jiou-huang group in Tang-gu area to begin a new experiment in modern Chinese industries. Taking ”Science Saves the Nation”, as his guiding principle, Fang had acknowledged, quite early, the importance of technical innovation for enterprise development. In accordance with the ideal mentioned above, he also emphasized scientific research and the fostering of scientists, and thus changed the situation of European domination in advanced alkali industry. This achievement was then unthinkable even to Japanese industries. Without doubt, Fang's overall endeavors greatly enhanced the quality and the constitution of Chinese industries. Years later, with the support of Nationalist Government, Fang built, in Nanjing, an ammonium sulphate factory that was the most advanced in Asia. But, unfortunately, the factory was forced to close within half a year due to the Japanese invasion. During the war years, Yong-jiou-huang group, in spite of financial problems, was still under operation. ”Hou's alkali process” was one of its world-famous inventions during this period. Fang and his associates' joint ventures contributed to the unique achievement of Yong-jiou-huang Industry Group. But the persistent support of Nationalist Government a vital factor not to be but was usually denied. This article shows the true role: the Nationalist Government played in the historical development of this epoch-making industry group. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
歷史學 |
参考文献 |
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