從女權到人權：美國女選民聯盟的公民行動

From Women's Rights to Human Rights: The Civic Actions of the League of Women Voters

10.29439/FJHJ.201007.0003

俞彥娟(Kathy Yen-Chuan Yu)

女選民聯盟 ； 女權 ； 人權 ； 公民權 ； 女性參政 ； 美國婦女運動 ； the League of Women Voters ； women's rights ； human rights ； American women's movement ； women in politics ； voluntary associations

輔仁歷史學報

25期（2010 / 07 / 01）

81 - 118

繁體中文

一般研究美國女性參政史，較少注意到女性學習進入政治的過程。1920年成立迄今的美國女選民聯盟（the League of Women Voters of the United States），長期進行公民教育和政治倡議行動，對教育和訓練女性參與政治有重要貢獻，但是相關研究卻不多。本文從聯盟成立的緣起、目的和特質，瞭解其如何訓練和教育女性成為公民；同時檢視其思想傳承、運作方式、揭諸的目標、活動的設計與實踐，分析其對美國女性參政的影響。前言之後，第二節簡介聯盟的成立和發展，組織結構和運作方式。第三節討論聯盟的獨特性，分析四項特質有助於提昇美國女性參政力。四項特質為：（一）以民主理想和女性主義為核心理念。（二）超越女權，以人權和公益為旗幟。（三）工作哲學：超越黨派、對議題有共識、行動前先研究，以及立場的一致性。（四）兼顧公民教育和公民倡議的公民行動。第四節是結論。

Most research on the history of American women's political participation failed to explore in-depth the process that women learned politics and became politically active. Historian Nancy F. Cott suggested that after 1920, American women had used female voluntary associations as vehicle to extend their participation in civic life. The League of Women Voters of the United States, founded in 1920, aimed to educate and train American women to become effective voters and responsible citizens.By tracing the League's values, philosophy, and content of civic actions, I analyze how it had enhanced women's political participation. I found that four characteristics of the League enabled it to attract women to join and to receive political education and training. Four characteristics are as follows. (1) Core principles: democracy and feminism; (2) Extended from women's rights to human rights and public interests; (3) Work philosophy: nonpartisanship, consensus on issues, study before action, and concerted advocacy; (4) Civic actions consisted of civic education and civic advocacy.

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