是其所以是，非其所以非：談幾則有關王國維史學的評論

To Affirm or Doubt: A Discussion of Several Critiques on Wang Guowei's Historiography

10.29439/FJHJ.201203.0006

戴晉新(Chin-Hsin Tai)

陳寅恪 ； 郭沫若 ； 許冠三 ； 張廣達 ； 史學評論 ； Wang Guowei ； Chen Yinke ； Guo Moruo ； Xu Guansan ； Zhang Guangda ； historiographical critique

輔仁歷史學報

28期（2012 / 03 / 01）

207 - 233

繁體中文

王國維（1877-1927）是19世紀末20世紀初中國學術界的奇才，他的學術成就生前即備受肯定，身後更是佳評如潮，歷80餘年而不衰。王國維的學術成就是多方面的，在史學上的創獲尤其為人所稱道。有關王國維史學的評論，散見於各種相關的傳記、專書、專題論文、史學史與思想史著作、回憶錄與紀念文中，數量之多令人歎為觀止。其中有些見解不可避免的人云亦云，重複論述，乃至成為老生常談；有些論述別闢蹊徑，嘗試新說，但未必能普獲認同；有些看法本有特旨，卻被無限上綱，輾轉援引，漸失原意。觀察王國維史學的批評史，不但可以深化我們對王學的了解，同時這些批評的本身也反映了批評者的史學見解以及史學的時代變遷，若能加以梳理，辨章其義，當是一件十分有意義的工作。本文無意進行相關論述的統計分析，僅略舉陳寅恪、郭沫若、許冠三、張廣達等人較具討論性的評論為例，觀察其所是、所非以及其所以是、所以非，兼談自己的感想。

Wang Guowei (1877-1927) was a genius in Sinology during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. His achievements in scholarship were renowned even in his own lifetime, and praise for him has grown even further over the more than eight decades since his death. Wang Guowei's scholarly achievements were on several fronts, his innovation in historiography being especially admired by many. Commentaries on Wang Guowei's historiography can be found scattered in an astonishingly large number of sources, such as biographies, books, articles, publications on the history of historiography and thought, memoirs, and commemorative writings. Of course, many of these opinions and ideas are merely repeats of previous ones, even become more or less platitudes. Some writings, however, forged new paths in an attempt to develop new theories, which have not necessarily received widespread acceptance. Still other viewpoints have unusual purposes blown out of proportion so that the original intent behind them has been gradually lost. When looking at the overall critical history surrounding Wang Guowei's historiography, not only can we deepen our understanding of Wang's studies, but we can also learn how these critiques in and of themselves reflect the historiographic viewpoints of the authors and the developments over time. If these can be distilled to address their underlying significance, it would indeed be a worthwhile effort. It thus goes without saying that this study is but a cursory search that only takes into consideration the critiques concerning Wang Guowei's historiography by such figures as Chen Yinke, Guo Moruo, Xu Guansan, and Zhang Guangda as a means of discussing my own impressions.

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