日本統治初期における総督府の地方行政システムの形成－街庄および保甲の制度と実態－

Janus-faced Local Communities: Relations between Japanese Rulers and Taiwanese Society

10.29712/THR.201209.0011

佐藤正広(Masahiro Sato)

街庄 ； 保甲 ； 基隆廳 ； 入田末男 ； 八田岩吉 ； 古田種次郎 ； local government ； local community ； Keelung prefecture ； discipline ； primary education

淡江史學

24期（2012 / 09 / 01）

321 - 346

日文

本篇論文所探討之議題在於：日治初期臺灣總督府意圖介入在地社會，以及舊清廷既有之統治機構，而有效結構出自成一格之統治系統的歷程。畢竟擁有殖民地臺灣對日本政府而言，是統治史上的一項初體驗。總督府內部不少的實務官僚，多半欠缺殖民統治之相關訓練與經驗，而面對風土民情與日本社會大異其趣之臺灣，直接帶入日本社會的行政經驗，勢必有其難行之處。因此，即使難免有試行錯誤的問題發生，但在作法上仍必先有效掌握在地社會之既有組織，再把這樣的組織機制有效編入日本的統治機構當中。本篇論文把問題意識擺放在日本治臺初期，總督府的地方行政機構之相關業務與所對應之組織，以及其與在地社會之互動關係等，試圖透過實證研究而掌握其受容與演變之歷程，其中包括赴臺履薪之日籍官僚的臺灣認識，以及在地民眾對日本行政體系的接受度等。本論文內容則以1903年在地社會所既有之街庄、保甲制作為實證研究之對象，進行相關實態調查。

The aim of this paper is to give a brief account of how Japanese local officials viewed Taiwanese society and how Taiwanese people viewed their Japanese rulers using the Keelung prefecture in 1903 as an example.Professor Sato searches for the relations between Japanese rulers and Taiwanese society by three side views, including (1) Japanese and Taiwanese were ignorant of each other, (2)the Taiwanese local community and the misunderstandings of it by Japanese,(3)giving some examples of the misunderstandings.For the viewpoints stated above, Professor Sato got conclusions below.Japanese rulers assumed that the Taiwanese people were too naïve to manage local governmental systems because of their lack of basic knowledge and disciplines. They thus tried to educate them.Clerks of gai and sho were regularly summoned to the prefecture hall to exercise Japanese style office works.More basically the Japanese Governor General launched elementary schools to indoctrinate Taiwanese children, who were expected to be supporters of Japanese rule. The Governor General thought so much of primary education that a huge part of the budget was pumped into making and maintaining roads, on which children could go to school without danger.These policies were somehow acceptable to the Taiwanese people. They were originally eager to educate their children but under Qing dynasty's rule public education was disregarded. As a consequence, Taiwanese people accepted, though very gradually, Japanese rule and its basic philosophy.

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