乾嘉幕客的焦思與苦索－以武億為核心

The Anxiety and Contemplation of Shogunate scholars during the Qianjia Reign: Taking Wu Yi as an Example

王慧茹(Wang Hui-Ju)

武億 ； 經學 ； 乾嘉學術 ； 幕客 ； Wu Yi ； Confucian Classics ； Qianjia Academic ； Shogunate scholars

輔仁中文學報

52期（2021 / 06 / 01）

137 - 164

繁體中文

清代學術的特色之一是「學者社會」，其於經學、編著之成就，學界多已論及，然核實來說，乾嘉學術之多彩，係由幕主與幕客共力乃成。武億（1745－1799）作為一名上層文化（high culrure）裡的底層角色，此類幕客的奉獻努力，長期不受重視，是以揭櫫武億學行及其經學價值，頗可得見有清學人之多元生態樣貌。本文之作，即盼能藉由武億學行分期，說明武億經學貢獻，武億不僅因個人的生活磨礪，敦促經術之學；更以其經世實踐，力矯時風弊病。其治經方法，重視基礎功夫，強調音讀斷句，以覈考金石證經修史；在經義內容上，則以歸納史例見長，有以詳考替代闡明的特徵。另就學術上言，保存金石碑刻遺文功高，且開啟有清第一次商周文字及金石研究高潮。獨其學無宗師，畢生苦於貧病，加以性格簡傲，雖任小官，旋即去職；終使積學難揚，埋沒學海。觀武憶生命之潛德深思，其焦心苦索的隱微幽光，可為乾嘉學術地圖，提供更細緻之描繪。

One of the characteristics of Qing Dynasty academics is the ＂scholar society.＂ Its achievements in Confucian classics and Compiled have been widely discussed in academia. However, the diversity of the academics during Qianjia reign were the result of the combined efforts of Shogunate masters and guests. Wu Yi (1745-1799) was considered a subordinate class in the high culture society, hence the dedication and efforts of Shogunate scholars, such as Wu Yi, have not been taken seriously for a long time. Therefore, by uncovering the value of Wu Yi's conduct and interpretation of Classics, it is possible to see the diverse ecological features of Qing scholars. This article hopes to explain the contribution of Wu Yi Confucian Classics through different stages of his knowledge and conduct. Due to his life circumstances, Wu Yi urged the learning of Techniques of Classics, and used his practical experience to correct the malpractices of his times. His method of treating the Classics emphasizes basic skills as well as pronunciation and punctuation, he used epigraphy to prove and amend the Classics and history. In terms of the content of Classics, he was good at summarizing historical examples, and emphasized examination instead of clarification. In addition, academically speaking, the preservation of the inscriptions on the gold stone steles was highly accomplished, and he initiated the study on the writings of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and inscriptions on gold stone steles, during the Qing Dynasty. As he had no teacher and suffered from poverty and disease, it was difficult to pass on his knowledge. The life of Wu Yi could provide a more detailed description of the academic map during the Qianjia reign.

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