包裝工業之環境污染與健康危害相關因子之探討分析

Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Package Industry and Its Related Factors Analysis

10.30027/CJOM.200810.0002

王建楠(Jian-Nan Wang)；吳重達(Chung-Da Wu)；廖靜儀(Ching-I Liao)

包裝工業 ； 綠色包裝 ； 全球暖化 ； 溫室效應 ； 揮發性有機物 ； package industry ； green package ； global warming ； greenhouse effect ； volatile organic chemicals

中華職業醫學雜誌

15卷4期（2008 / 10 / 01）

273 - 282

繁體中文

一般而言，商品的包裝有二個主要功能，其一是保護商品在製造、運輸、倉儲、銷售的過程中維持完整不破損，其二是商品的美化、宣傳與增值。商品經過適度的包裝印刷後，一方面滿足了大眾的物質需求，另一方面也美化了人們的日常活動，的確增添了不少生活色彩。不過，商品片面的誇大包裝也常帶來一些負面的結果，比如好看不好吃、中看不中用、外包裝體積很龐大而商品份量卻很小等情況。過皮包裝印刷的結果，除了造成地球資源的浪費外，製程所使用有毒化學物及產生大量廢棄物也會污染或破壞環境生態（如土壤、水源、空氣、農作物等），比如塑類包裝材料，絕大多數不能被自然界分解，也不能加以燃燒焚化，形成地球上的永久垃圾。以日常生活為例，喝完一杯塑材盛裝的熱咖啡可能僅需二、三十分鐘，但用完後所丟棄的盛裝材料，可能需花費十幾年才能被大地所消耗吸收。包裝金的用紙量也相當龐大，通常需伐砍不少大樹供應生產，影響森林的生態平衡(ecological balance)，導致江河源頭土壤流失、荒漠化等異常現象。 過皮包裝已成為不可忽視的環境污染源，同時也引起社會大眾的重視與關注。已開發國家如歐洲、美國等國家，早已經由國會立法來限制過度包裝，如許多國家規定包裝物不能大於商品本身體積的十分之一。德國是最早推崇包裝材料回收的國家，也制定了「循環經濟法」，對於包裝垃圾處理與再利用，實行雙軌制回收系統，成為德國循環經濟的核心。北歐丹麥國家率先實行綠色稅制(green tax)，以改善英國家財政和提升綠色所得。鄰國日本循環經濟的發展也十分迅速，創造了新興的環境保護產業，不但可創造巨大產值且能提供大量就業機會。歐美等先進國家積極倡導綠色包裝(green package)及制定相關法規，嚴格要求及規範包裝材料使用，以達到對地球生態環境及人體健康無害，且能循環復用及再生利用(recycling and reutilization)。

In general packing of commercial products has two major functions, one is to provide protection of products during the processes of manufacturing, transporting, storing, and selling; the other as beautifying, propagandizing, and envaluing products. Products after proper printed-package not only meet the material needs of large population, but also beautify the daily activity of our life and make it more colorful. But overpacking of products may bring about the wastage of our resourcesand toxic chemicals used and waste products during manufacturing processes may pollute or destroy our environment (such as air, water, soil, farm products, etc.). Most plastic packing materilas cannot be catabolized or burned off, and remain permanent trash on our earth. Mass utilization of paper due to overpacking, there is need to cut down lots of trees and bring negative impacts on the ecological balance of the woods, and finally may result in much loss of soil of river origins and desertation. Overpacking of products should not be overlooked as a burden of environmental pollution, people living on earth started to care it and notice its negative influence of ecologic system. In developed countries, such as American, Europe, etc, via legeslations to put some limitations on overpacking, for example, packing size not more one of tenth than that of products. In Germanythe government had established the recycling and reutilization system of packing about 2 decades ago, the first country of green package in the world. The northern European country Denmark, first executed the green tax policy to promote the national financial budget and increase the green income. Our neighboring country, Japan, the development of cycling economic growed up very fast, created the new environmental production industries, hence brought about large sum of production value and provided her people many job opportunities. So, it is necessary to restrain package materials utilization and aim at green package aggressively, eagerly hope do no harm to our ecologic environment and health, and can recycle and reutilize green package materials finally.