青少年頭痛與失眠之相關性探討

Relationship between Headache and Sleep Conditions among Adolescents

10.30027/CJOM.200810.0004

邵馨慧(Hsin-Hui Shao)；黃麗卿(Lee-Ching Hwang)；林啓民(Chi-Min Lin)；陳采霜(Tsai-Shuang Chen)

頭痛 ； 睡眠障礙 ； 失眠 ； headache ； sleep disorder ； insomnia

中華職業醫學雜誌

15卷4期（2008 / 10 / 01）

291 - 300

繁體中文

頭痛和失眠都是青少年族群中常見的症狀，在本國甚少相關研究與討論。本研究之目的在探討青少年頭痛及失眠的盛行率，以及兩者間的相關性。本研究收集某大學新生共1004人，以問卷填寫的方式，登錄基本資料和睡眠與頭痛狀況評估。睡眠狀況應用世界衛生組織的睡眠與健康全球專案計畫中的失眠症自我評估表；而以2004年國際頭痛疾病分類定義偏頭痛及緊縮型頭痛。結果顯示，有81.6%的青少年入睡時間在凌晨以後，而有18%睡到中午才起床，27.2%有睡眠障礙，日間嗜睡佔15%，2個月期間頭痛的盛行率為15.1%，偏頭痛為4.8%，緊縮型頭痛為12.8%。在男性的部份，緊縮型頭痛者較易有入睡困難、日間嗜睡及睡眠障礙；緊縮型頭痛及偏頭痛兩者都較容易睡醒仍感疲倦，也都較常喝咖啡。在女性的部份，緊縮型頭痛者傾向於較早起床且睡眠時數較少，偏頭痛的族群較會睡醒仍感疲倦，不論是偏頭痛或是緊縮型頭痛，都比沒有頭痛的人容易有日間嗜睡。合併偏頭痛和緊縮型頭痛的狀態，在此族群中，有頭痛的人比較高比率會出現入睡困難、日間嗜睡、睡醒仍感疲倦及睡眠障礙，且入睡時間較晚。家庭醫學科醫師在診治青少年的頭痛時，應重視病人的睡眠狀況，予以適當的睡眠衛生教育。

Headache and insomnia are both common symptoms among adolescents. However, in Taiwan, there are only few studies focused on this topic. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of headache and insomnia in adolescents, as well as the relationship between these two symptoms. This study gathered data from 1004 college freshmen, using questionnaires to record basic data and to assess sleep conditions and headaches. To assess the condition of sleep, we used a self-assessment chart from the World Health Organization's Worldwide Project on Sleep and Health. For headaches, we used the International Classification of Headache Disorders to define migraines and tension headaches. The results showed that 81.6% of adolescents go to bed after midnight, 18% wake up after noon, 27.2% have sleep disturbance, and 15% suffer from daytime sleepiness. For headaches, our results showed that the prevalence of two months duration is 15.1%. 4.8% of adolescents suffer from migraines, and 12.8% have tension headaches. When we separated the population according to gender, we discovered that male adolescents with tension headaches were frequently comorbided with initial insomnia, daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbance. Male adolescents with tension headaches or migraines were more likely to have unrefresh sleep, and this population is also likely to have a habit of drinking coffee. Female adolescents with tension headaches were more likely to wake up early and have fewer sleep hours. Female adolescents with migraines were more likely to suffer from unrefresh sleep. Female adolescents with migraines or tension headaches were more likely to have daytime sleepiness, compared to the non-headache group. If we look into adolescents with migraines or tension headaches, this group of teenagers was more likely to have initial insomnia, daytime sleepiness, unrefresh sleep and sleep disturbance. In discussions, when encountering adolescents with headaches, family physicians should focus more on the patient's sleep condition and give proper sleep hygiene education.

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