海軍模擬深海潛水訓練作業人員之聽力損傷研究

The Study of Hearing Loss in the Navy Divers of Deep-sea Simulation

10.30027/CJOM.201201.0001

康柏皇(Bor-Hwang Kang)；王朝助(Chau-Chu Wang)；黃曼媛(Man-Yuan Huang)；李惠傑(Hui-Chieh Lee)

模擬深海潛水訓練 ； 噪音引起的聽力損失 ； 純音聽力檢查 ； Deep-sea Diving Simulation ； Noise-induced Hearing Loss - NIHL ； Pure-tone Audiometry

中華職業醫學雜誌

19卷1期（2012 / 01 / 01）

1 - 8

繁體中文

陸上模擬深海潛水訓練乃海軍建軍備戰的重要一環，是利用空氣加壓以模擬潛水的深度。空氣加、減壓會產生高分貝噪音，我們以2010年至本院參加模擬深海潛水訓練的軍方潛水人員共47人為研究對象，調查訓練艙之環境噪音是否會造成受訓人員的聽力損傷。人員裝備：水肺（高壓空氣瓶），訓練深度：90、110、136及181英呎，單次平均水底時間12.0 ± 6.0分鐘（6 - 30 分鐘），平均上升時間9.4 ± 4.1分鐘（5 - 19 分鐘），總計潛水時間 21.4 ± 7.9分鐘（13 - 39 分鐘），平均下潛速率每分鐘17.2 ± 5.8英呎，平均上升速率每分鐘14.5 ± 4.9英呎，同一梯次皆未有重覆潛水。抽樣測量訓練環境噪音，訓練前背景噪音為57.3 ± 5.7 dB（51.5 - 63.8 dB），下潛期（空氣加壓）噪音平均84.1 ± 3.0 dB（74.8 - 93.7 dB），上升期（空氣減壓）噪音平均79.2 ± 2.5 dB（57.8 - 98.1 dB），全部潛水期間平均噪音81.6 ± 8.6 dB（56.9 - 98.1 dB），符合勞工安全衛生法規對噪音環境下作業時間的要求。訓練前測量受訓人員兩耳在250、500、1000、2000、4000 及 8000 Hz頻率之純音聽力閾值，其中10 人（21.2%）已有聽力障礙，包括爆破中隊5員、水下大隊2員、軍艦輪機1員、械彈中隊1員、特勤中隊1員，可能與環境中武器噪音危害有關。訓練後再次測量潛水員雙耳於上述頻率之聽力閾值，發現其變化不具統計學上顯著差異。結果顯示在本院進行之模擬深海潛水訓練，不會對聽力造成副作用。

Deep-sea diving simulation is an important training in the Navy's diving troops. During compression and decompression, the high speed flow of compressed air may produce a high decibel noise, which probably induces hearing impairment of divers. In this study, 47 trainees conducted the simulation to the depth of 90 - 181 ft with SCUBA. The average bottom time was 12.0 ± 6.0 min (6 - 30 min), the average ascent time was 9.4 ± 4.1 min (5 - 19 min). The whole dive time was 21.4 ± 7.9 min (13 - 39 min). The average descent and ascent rate were 17.2 ± 5.8 ft/min and 14.5 ± 4.9 ft/min, respectively. The noise levels were sampled as follows - background noise before training: 57.3 ± 5.7 dB (51.5 - 63.8 dB), descent: 84.1 ± 3.0 dB (74.8 - 93.7 dB), ascent: 79.2 ± 2.5 dB (57.8 - 98.1 dB). The average noise level during dive was 81.6 ± 8.6 dB (56.9 - 98.1 dB), which met the requirement of labor health. We also analyzed the pure-tone threshold shift both before and after dive at different frequencies from 250 Hz - 8k Hz. Ten subjects of 47 trainees showed a hearing impairment (＞ 25 dB) before dive. There was no significant hearing threshold shift after dive. The results show that deep-sea simulation dive, conducted at our institution, does not exert adverse effect on hearing threshold of divers.