百貨業女性專櫃人員下肢靜脈曲張之流行病學調查

Epidemiology of the Lower Extremities Varicosis among Saleswomen in Department Stores

李素幸(Su-Hsing Lee)；薛志明(Chih-Ming Hsueh)；宋瑩珠(Ying-Ju Song)；蘇世斌(Shih-Bin Su)

靜脈曲張 ； 長時站立 ； 售貨員 ； 百貨公司 ； Varicos veins ； Long working hours ； Saleswomen ； Department stores

中華職業醫學雜誌

20卷1期（2013 / 01 / 01）

13 - 24

繁體中文

專櫃人員大多以女性為主，屬於長時間站立的特殊工作類型，本研究以此族群為對象，調查與下肢靜脈曲張有關的危險因子，以提供百貨業者進行職場健康促進及職業災害預防的策略與方向。本研究採橫斷式研究，以某百貨公司南部四個分店的女性專櫃人員為研究族群，調查個人特質、工作相關因素及靜脈曲張盛行概況。共調查女性專櫃人員550人，回收之有效樣本為511份（93%）。資料之分析採SAS統計軟體，以邏輯迴歸進行多因子分析，探討與專櫃人員靜脈曲張相關的危險因子。結果發現女性專櫃人員靜脈曲張盛行率為54%，其中9成人員為第一期之輕度患者。50歲以上、高中以下學歷、銷售服務年資達15年以上之專櫃人員，靜脈曲張盛行率均達70%以上，為高危險族群。與靜脈曲張有關的危險因子分別為年齡、家族史及工作年資：在年齡上，相對於25歲以下族群，26歲及以上各族群之OR為3.31-4.41；有家族史者OR為3.23；相對於服務3年以下，銷售服務年資達15年及以上者OR為4.56。本研究由於採取橫斷性的短期資料收集方式，因此除了銷售服務年資外，未能建立其他工作因素與下肢靜脈曲張之關係，建議未來研究能繼續針對職場因子做長期性的評估。

Sales personnel in the department stores are mostly females who work in a standing position for long hours of time. This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with varicose veins among saleswomen in the department stores, in order to provide a basis for future health promotion activities. This study was conducted cross-sectionally. The saleswomen from four branches of a department store were included as the study population. This study collected information on personal characteristics, relevant workplace factors, and prevalence of varicose veins. Among five hundred and fifty saleswomen who were contacted for participation, 511 returned the questionnaires, which yielded 93% of the response rate.The results showed that fifty four percent of the subjects self-reported having varicose veins. Ninety percent of those who reported having varicose veins were classified as Class 1. Prevalence of saleswomen, whose age greater than 51, having no high school diploma, and having equal or greater than 15 years of work experience, have all reached 70% and was therefore regarded as high risk groups. Risk factors associated with varicose veins were age, family history, and work experience. Compared to aged 25 or less, OR for groups equal or greater than aged 26 were 3.31-4.41. OR for those with family history of varicose veins was 3.23. Compared to those working for less than 3 years, OR for those working for 15 years and up was 4.56. Since the nature of short-term data collection in the cross-sectional study design, besides work experience, this study did not establish relationship between other workplace factors and varicose veins of the lower extremities. We suggest future study continuously focus on occupational factors and be conducted with long-term evaluation design.