注意力缺陷過動症兒童在魏氏兒童智力量表上的表現

The Performance of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on WISC-III

10.30074/FJMH.200403_17(1).0001

李宏鎰(Horng-Yih Lee)；蔡靜怡(Jing-Yi Tsai)

注意力缺陷過動症 ； 魏氏兒童智力測驗 ； 特殊組型 ； WISC-III ； Subtest Patterns ； Base Rates ； ADHD

中華心理衛生學刊

17卷1期（2004 / 03 / 01）

1 - 23

繁體中文

本研究蒐集台中地區22位ADHD兒童的WISC-III分數，進行各項資料分析，希望客觀地瞭解ADHD兒童的智力分佈情形及特殊組型之比率，例如：ACID、ACIDS、SCADS組型及POI／SCAD差異分數。結果發現：（一）ADHD兒童的平均智商與一般兒童沒有顯著差異。（二）ADHD兒童沒有明顯的內在能力差異。（三）ADHD兒童比一般兒童有較高的比率呈現「部份ACID組型」、「部份ACIDS組型」及「部份SCADS組型」，但不明顯。作者認為對於這些結果應該慬慎解釋，及提出具體建議。

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the special Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (WISC-III) subtest profiles of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The WISC-III test results of 22 ADHD were selected to calculate the base rates for several well-known WISC-III subtest patterns, such as 'ACID', 'ACIDS', 'SCAD', 'POI/SCAD' differences, and 'Bannatyne combinations'. Major findings were: (1) The IQs of children were similar between ADHD and Taiwan norm. (2) The intrasubject variability was not obvious in ADHD. (3) The prevalence rates of WISC-III subtest profiles in ADHD were greater than rates reported in the norm. It should be cautious to interpreting these results. The limitations and implications of the findings were discussed.

1. Snow, J. B.,Sapp, G. L.(2000).WISC-Ⅲ subtest patterns of ADHD and normal samples.Psychological Reports,87(3),759-765.
   連結：
2. 陳心怡、楊宗仁(2000)。WISC-Ⅲ分測驗特殊組型基本率研究：臺灣常模、學習障礙及注意力缺陷過動症兒童之比較。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，47(2)，91-110。
   連結：
3. American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
4. Barkley, R. A.(1997).Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.Psychological Bulletin,121,65-94.
5. Barkley, R. A.(1998).Attention-Deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Second edition.
6. Bloom, A. S.,Topinka, C. W.,Goulet, M.,Reese, A.,Podruch, P. E.(1986).Implications of large WISC/WISC-R verbal-performance IQ discrepancies.Journal of Clinical Psychology,42,353-356.
7. Bower, T. G.,Risser, M. G.,Suchanec, J. E.,Tinker, D. E.,Ramer, J. C.,Domoto, M.(1992).A developmental index using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children implication for diagnosis and the nature of ADHD.Journal of Learning Disabilities,25,179-185.
8. Cepeda, N. J.,Cepeda, M. L.,Kramer, A. F.(2000).Task switching and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,28(3),213-216.
9. Douglas, V. I.(1983).Attentional and cognitive problems.Developmental Neuropsychiatry,280-329.
10. Gordon, M.,Mettelman, B. B.(1988).The assessment of attention: I. Standardization and reliability of a behavior-based measure.Journal of Clinical Psychology,44,682-690.
11. Hooper, E.(1996)..
12. Humphries, T.,Bone, J.(1993).Use of IQ criteria for evaluating the uniqueness of the learning disability profile.Journal of Learning Disabilities,26(5),348-351.
13. Kaufman, A. S.(1994).Intelligent testing with the WISC-Ⅲ.
14. Kaufman, A. S.(1979).Intelligent testing with the WISC-R.
15. Kaufman, A. S.,Lichtenberger, E.O.(1999).Essentials of WAIS-Ⅲ assessment.
16. Kavale, K. A.,Forness, S. R.(1984).A meta-analysis of the validity of Wechsler Scales profiles and recategorizations: Patterns or Parodies?.Learning Disability Quarterly,7,136-156.
17. Prifitera, A.,Dersh, J.(1993).Base rates of WISC-Ⅲ diagnostic subtest paterrns among normal, learning disabled, and ADHD samples.Journal of psychoeducational Assessment Monograph Series. Advances in Psychological Assessment: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition,43-55.
18. Schachar, R. J.,Tannock, R.,Logan, G.(1993).Inhibitory control, impulsiveness, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Clinical Psychology Review,13,721-739.
19. Schwean, V. L.,Saklofske, D. H.(1998).WISC-Ⅲ assessment of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.WISC-Ⅲ clinical use and interpretation: Scientist-Practitioner Perspective.
20. Schwean, V. L.,Saklofske, D. H.,Yackulic, R. A.,Quinn, D.(1993).WISC-Ⅲ performance of ADHD children.Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment,56-70.
21. Seidman, L. J.,Biederman, J.,Faraone, S. V.,Milberger, S.,Norman, D.,Seiverd, K.,Benedict, K.,Guite, J.,Mick, E.,Kiely, K.(1995).Effects of family history and comorbidity on the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD: Preliminary findings.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,34,1015-1024.
22. Sergeant, J. A.,Geurts H.,Oosterlaan, J.(2002).How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?.Behavioural Brain Research.
23. Slate, J. R.(1995).Discrepancies between IQ and index scores for a clinical sample of students: Useful diagnostic indicators?.Psychology in the Schools,32,103-108.
24. Ward. S. B.,Ward. T. J.,Hatt, C. V.,Young, D. L.,Mollner, N. R.(1995).The incidence and utility of the ACID. ACIDS, and SCAD profiles in a referred population.Psychology in the schools,32,267-276.
25. Wechsler, D.(1991).Wechsler Intelligence Scale .for Children: Third Edition.
26. Woodin, M.,Gridley, B. E.(2000).Screening for the interface between attention, executive functioning, and working memory in children identified as ADHD, LD, and/or Intellectually Gifted.
27. 孟瑛如、陳麗如(2000)。學習障礙學生在魏氏兒童智力量表上顯現之特質研究。特殊教育季刊
28. 陳榮華(1997)。魏氏兒童智力量表第三版（中文版）指導手冊。
29. 蔡明富(2000)。「過」人的「智慧」－高智商注意力缺陷過動學生在魏氏兒童智力量表第三版上的表現。資優教育，75，26-36。

1. 胡瑀,孟瑛如(2021)。國小注意力缺陷過動症學生、學習障礙伴隨注意力缺陷過動症問題學生與一般學生在魏氏兒童智力量表第五版（WISC-V）表現差異之探討。特殊教育學報，54，31-60。
2. 黃惠玲、黃惠玲(2008)。注意力缺陷過動疾患研究回顧。應用心理研究，40，197-219。