Suppression of Attentional Bias in Depression: A Preliminary Study

憂鬱症的注意偏誤抑制

10.30074/FJMH.200712_20(4).0002

謝毅興(Yi-Hsing Hsieh)

憂鬱症 ； 反向注意偏誤 ； 情緒引發 ； 因應策略 ； depression ； opposite attentional bias ； mood induction ； coping strategy

中華心理衛生學刊

20卷4期（2007 / 12 / 01）

343 - 356

英文

研究目的：過去的研究顯示，焦慮症患者在焦慮情緒狀態下，抑制對焦慮相關訊息的注意偏誤。一個可能的解釋是，負面情緒狀態引發自我調控的目標，進而產生因應策略，以由上往下的方式影響訊息處理資源的分配。本研究探討憂鬱情緒引發是否會抑制憂鬱症婦女對人臉情緒的注意偏誤。研究方法：二十八名參與者係出自產後憂鬱研究建立的婦女樣本庫，包括十四名憂鬱症患者和十四名在年齡和教育程度上配對的正常控制組，其診斷是根據半結構式終生診斷晤談，再由一位精神科醫師確定。利用情緒引發程序，引發參與者的憂鬱情緒狀態，接著測量參與者在注意資源分配作業的表現。該作業是使用快樂、生氣和悲傷的人臉情緒照片，分別和同一個人的中性照片配對呈現，照片消失後緊接著在兩邊人臉位置上出現色塊。參與者必須選擇是那一邊人臉上的色塊先出現，以參與者選擇快樂、生氣、和悲傷的臉同一邊的次數百分比，分別代表對每一種情緒的選擇性注意偏誤分數。在完成作業之後，藉由教導放鬆技巧，讓參與者恢復中性情緒狀態，接著再一次測量參與者在注意資源分配作業的表現。研究結果：在憂鬱情緒引發程序後，憂鬱組對悲傷人臉的注意偏誤分數顯著的低於控制組。在憂鬱情緒升高的情況下，憂鬱組抑制對悲傷人臉的注意，表現出反向的注意偏誤（顯著的小於隨機猜測值0.5），正常組則無顯著的注意偏誤。在中性情緒的恢復程序後，兩組在人臉情緒的注意偏誤分數上沒有顯著差異。研究結論：研究結果暗示憂鬱組在面對憂鬱情緒時可能使用情緒焦點的因應策略。在討論中提出一個模式，結合負向情緒的評估（由下往上）以及自我調控（由上往下）的兩個歷程可以解釋此結果。

Purpose: Past research indicated that attentional bias for negative information seemed to be suppressed in patients with anxiety while in an anxious state. A possible explanation was that a negative emotional state triggered a self-regulation goal, through which a coping strategy was activated and affected the allocation of attentional resources. This study investigated whether attentional bias for emotional faces could be suppressed in women with depression when a depressive mood was induced. Methods: Twenty-eight participants, including 14 women with depression and 14 age-and education-matched normal controls, were selected from a subject pool originally established for postpartum research. The diagnosis was based on an interview using the lifetime version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. After the procedure inducing a depressive mood, attentional bias was measured using the deployment-of-attention task (DOAT). Participants viewed an emotional face paired with a neutral face of the same individual, and were then required to identify on which one a color patch had first appeared. The percentage of choices favoring the happy, angry, or sad faces represented the selective attentional bias score for each emotion. At the very end of the experiment, the DOAT was again administered following a mood neutralization procedure. Results: Attentional bias for sad faces was smaller in the depressed group compared with the control group following the mood induction procedure. Specifically, when a depressive mood was elevated, the depressed group showed an opposite attentional bias for sad faces, which was significantly smaller than 0.5, but the control group did not show attentional biases for any emotional faces. After the procedure neutralizing a depressive mood, none of the attentional bias scores was significantly different between two groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that individuals with depression might use an emotion-focused coping strategy to deal with a depressive mood. A model that combines the evaluation and self-regulation of a negative mood was proposed to account for the results.

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