题名

大專青年的約會暴力經驗與因應策略初探

并列篇名

Dating Violence and Coping Strategies among College Students

DOI

10.30074/FJMH.201303_26(1).0001

作者

沈瓊桃(April Chiung-Tao Shen)

关键词

約會暴力 ； 親密伴侶暴力 ； 因應策略 ； 大專青年 ； dating violence ； intimate partner violence ； coping strategy ； college student

期刊名称

中華心理衛生學刊

卷期/出版年月

26卷1期（2013 / 03 / 01）

页次

1 - 31

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

研究目的：本研究旨在探討未婚大專青年的約會暴力盛行率及其面對約會暴力所採取的因應策略為何。研究方法：本研究採分層隨機抽樣方式，以問卷調查收集全台1,018位大專青年（416位男性與602位女性；平均年齡為21歲）的量化資料。研究結果：在全體樣本中，59%的學生表示過去一年曾有約會暴力的受暴經驗，包括遭受伴侶的精神暴力（55.5%）、肢體暴力（18.6%）、與性暴力（7.6%）。另有62.4%的學生表示過去一年曾有約會暴力的施暴經驗，包括施予伴侶精神暴力（60.6%）、肢體暴力（24.3%）、與性暴力（6.7%）。本研究發現，遭受約會暴力者使用多重的因應策略來處理和伴侶之間的暴力衝突。學生最常使用的前四種因應策略為：和對方理論、多想想對方和這段感情美好之處、尋求朋友的協助、和忍耐。學生最少使用的前四種因應策略則為：尋求專業人士的協助、尋求警察與司法的協助、尋求學校教師、輔導老師或教官的協助、和使用酒精或藥物。本研究發現，大專青年使用何種因應策略類別，與其所遭受的暴力類型多寡、暴力頻率、伴侶關係特性（交往時間長短和委身程度）和性別，皆有顯著的關係。遭受約會暴力的學生通常只有在受暴類型增加以及受暴頻率增多時，才會尋求正式協助。此外，男性在面對約會暴力時，較少使用問題導向因應策略，且使用情緒導向因應策略的比例顯著地高於女性。研究結論：大專青年遭受約會暴力的盛行率高達六成，但受害者多仰賴個人系統來因應約會暴力，甚少求助於正式體系，使得約會暴力呈現盛行率很高、但能見度很低的現象。教育體系與親密關係暴力防治體系應積極宣導健康、無暴力的約會關係，並教導學生如何因應親密關係中的暴力衝突與保障自己的人身安全。
英文摘要

Purpose: This study examines the prevalence rate of dating violence among Taiwanese college students and the types of coping strategies they adopt. Methods: The research design of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. Self-reports and pen-and-paper questionnaires were employed to collect data from a national stratified random sample of 1018 college students from 28 departments in 21 colleges or universities in Taiwan. The formal sample consists of 416 males (40.7%) and 602 females (59%) with a mean age of 21 years. Results: The data showed that 59% of college students with dating experience had been victims of dating violence during the past year (psychological violence: 55.5%; physical violence: 18.6%; sexual violence: 7.6%). A total of 62.4% of participants had perpetrated violence (psychological violence: 60.6%; physical violence: 24.3%; sexual violence: 6.7%) toward their dating partners. College students victimized by violence used a wide range of coping strategies to deal with dating violence, often employing several strategies. Confronting their partner, focusing on positive aspects of the partner/relationship, seeking help from friends, and enduring were the most common strategies reported. Seeking help from professionals, seeking help from the police or legal system, seeking help from school teachers or counselors, and using alcohol or drugs were the least used strategies. The use of coping strategies was significantly associated with violence frequency, the number of types of violence, relationship characteristics (length of dating and commitment) and gender. College students who experienced more types of violence or who experienced violence more frequently were more likely to seek formal help. In addition, male students used more emotion-focused strategies and fewer problem-focused strategies than female students did. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of dating violence, as college students are more likely to rely on themselves and less likely to seek formal help, dating violence in Taiwan is almost invisible. Prevention and intervention programs are needed to advocate healthy non-violent relationships and to teach youth how to cope with violent conflict in intimate relationships and how to protect their own safety.
主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
参考文献
  1. 王沂釗、陳若璋(2011)。大學生親密關係暴力：其性質與實務工作者處遇能力之分析。家庭教育與諮商學刊，10，1-29。
    連結：
  2. 孫頌賢、李宜玫(2009)。暴力的代間傳遞：原生家庭暴力經驗與依戀系統對大學生約會暴力行為的預測比較。家庭教育與諮商研究，7，23-43。
    連結：
  3. 陳秋瑩、王增勇、林美薰、楊翠娟、宋鴻樟(2006)。原鄉的家庭暴力及受暴婦女求助行為之探討─比較原漢之差異。台灣衛誌，25(1)，65-74。
    連結：
  4. 教育部(2007)：〈各級學校及統計/統計資料/4.大專院校概況統計〉。2007年5月8日，取自http://www.edu.tw/statistics/publication.aspx?publication_sn=557&pages=2
  5. Dietz, T., & Straus, M. A. (1999). Relationship Committment in The Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP). 006/11/30 retrived from: http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas/PR10N.pdf
  6. Arriaga, X. B.,Capezza, N. M.(2005).Targets of partner violence: The importance of understanding coping trajectories.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,20(1),89-99.
  7. Banyard, V. L.,Cross, C.(2008).Consequences of teen dating violence.Violence Against Women,14(9),998-1013.
  8. Bird, G. W.,Stith, S. M.,Schladale, J.(1991).Psychological resources, coping strategies, and negotiation styles as discriminators of violence in dating relationships.Family Relations,40(1),45-50.
  9. Calvete, E.,Estéve, A.,Corral, S.(2008).Coping as a mediator and moderator between intimate partner violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Violence Against Women,14(8),886-904.
  10. Carlson, C. N.(2003).Inveisible victims: Holding the educational system liable for teen dating violence at school.Harvard Women's Law Journal,26,351-393.
  11. Chan, K. L.,Straus, M. A.,Brownridge, D. A.,Tiwari, A.,Leung, W. C.(2008).Prevalence of dating partner violence and suicidal ideation among male and female university students worldwide.Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health,53,529-537.
  12. Dutton, M. A.,Green, B. L.,Kaltman, S. I.,Roesch, D. M.,Zeffiro, T. A.,Krause, E. D.(2006).Intimate partner violence, PTSD, and adverse health outcomes.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,21(7),955-968.
  13. Goodman, L.,Dutton, M. A.,Weinfurt, K.,Cook, S.(2003).The Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index: Development and application.Violence Against Women,9(2),163-186.
  14. Greenfeld, L. A.,Rand, M. R.,Craven, D.,Klaus, P. A.,Perkins, C. A.,Ringel, C.,Fox, J. A.(1998).Violence by intimates.Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Justice.
  15. Gryl, F. E.,Stitch, S. M.,Bird, G. W.(1991).Close dating relationships among college students: Differences by use of violence and by gender.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,8,243-264.
  16. Henton, J.,Cate, R.,Koval, J.,Lloyd, S.,Christopher, S.(1983).Romance and violence in dating relationships.Journal of Family Issues,4,467-482.
  17. Krause, E. D.,Kaltman, S.,Goodman, L. A.,Dutton, M. A.(2008).Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A longitudinal study.Journal of Traumatic Stress,21(1),83-90.
  18. Lazarus, R. S.,Folkman, S.(1984).Stress, appraisal, and coping.New York:Springer.
  19. Lazaurs, R. S.(1993).Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future.Psychosomatic Medicine,55,234-247.
  20. Levy, B.(Ed.)(1998).Dating violence: Young women in danger.Seattle, WA:Seal Press.
  21. Lewis, S. F.,Fremouw, W. J.(2001).Dating violence: A critical review of the literature.Clinical Psychology Review,21,105-127.
  22. Littleton, H.,Horsley, S.,John, S.,Nelson, D. V.(2007).Trauma coping strategies and psychological distress: A meta-analysis.Journal of Traumatic Stress,20(6),977-988.
  23. Makepeace, J. M.(1981).Courtship violence among college students.Family Relations,30,97-102.
  24. Mayes, T. A.(2008).Students with no-contact orders against abusive classmates: Recommendations for educators.Preventing School Failure,52(4),37-44.
  25. O''Keefe, M.(1998).Factors mediating the link between witnessing interparental violence and dating violence.Journal of Family Violence,13(1),39-57.
  26. O''Leary, K. D.,Malone, J.,Tyree, A.(1994).Physical aggression in early marriage: Prerelationship and relationship effects.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,62,594-602.
  27. Roscoe, B.,Bernaske, N.(1985).Courtship violence experienced by abused wives: Similarities in patterns of abuse.Family Relations,34,419-424.
  28. Shen, A. C. T.(2011).Cultural barriers to help-seeking among Taiwanese female victims of dating violence.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,26(7),1343-1365.
  29. Silverman, J. G.,Raj, A.,Mucci, L. A.,Hathaway, J. E.(2001).Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality.JAMA,286,572-579.
  30. Skinner, E. A.,Edge, K.,Altman, J.,Sherwood, H.(2003).Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping.Psychological Bulletin,129(2),216-269.
  31. Slashinski, M. J.,Coker, A. L.,Davis, K. E.(2003).Physical aggression, forced sex, and stalking victimization by a dating partner: An analysis of the national violence against women Survey.Violence and Victims,18(6),595-617.
  32. Stets, J. E.,Straus, M. A.(1989).The marriage license as a hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples.Journal of Family Violence,4,161-180.
  33. Straus, M. A.(1979).Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics Scales.Journal of Marriage and the Family,41,75-88.
  34. Straus, M. A.(2004).Prevalence of violence against dating partners by male and female university students worldwide.Violence Against Women,10(7),790-811.
  35. Straus, M. A.,Hamby, S. L.,Boney-McCoy, S.,Sugarman, D. B.(1996).The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS ): Development and preliminary psychometric data.Journal of Family Issues,17(3),283-316.
  36. Straus, M.A.,Gozjolko, K. L..Intimate terrorism and injury of dating partners by male and female university students.Journal of Family Violence
  37. Waldrop, A. E.,Resick, P. A.(2004).Coping among adult female victims of domestic violence.Journal of Family Violence,19,291-302.
  38. Watson, J. M.,Cascardi, M.,Avery-Leaf, S.,O''Leary, K. D.(2001).High school students' responses to dating aggression.Violence and Victims,16,339-348.
  39. Whitaker, D. J.,Haileyesus, T.,Swahn, M.,Saltzman, L. S.(2007).Differences in frequency of violence and reported injury between relationships with reciprocal and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence.American Journal of Public Health,97(5),941-947.
  40. Wolfe, D. A.,Scott, K.,Reitzel-Jaffe, D.,Wekerle, C.,Grasley, C.,Straatman, A.(2001).Development and validation of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory.Psychological Assessment,13(2),277-293.
  41. Yoshihama, M.(2002).Battered women's coping strategies and psychological distress: Differences by immigration status.American Journal of Community Psychology,30(3),429-452.
  42. 丁文彬(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。慈濟大學社會工作研究所。
  43. 方嘉鴻(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所。
  44. 王燦槐(1999)。約會暴力─兩性平等關係的殺手。兩性平等教育季刊，6，50-54。
  45. 江文賢(2001)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學研究所。
  46. 沈瓊桃(2007)。國科會專題研究計劃報告書國科會專題研究計劃報告書,國科會。
  47. 林淑敏、李宗派(2003)。變質的親密關係─青少年約會暴力的認知與探討。社區發展季刊，103，157-169。
  48. 修慧蘭、孫頌賢(2003)。大學生約會暴力行為之測量與調查。教育與心理研究，26(3)，471-499。
  49. 孫頌賢、修慧蘭(2005)。親子肢體暴力與大學生約會暴力行為之關係─尋找代間傳遞中的危機與轉機。教育與心理研究，28(2)，267-296。
  50. 許文娟(1997)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。東吳大學社會工作學系。
  51. 陳婷蕙(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。東海大學社會工作學系。
  52. 陳源湖(1997)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所。
  53. 黃一秀(1999)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。東海大學社會工作學系。
  54. 黃登月、王文中(2005)。青少年約會衝突因應策略量表之發展。教育與心理研究，28(3)，469-494。
  55. 楊嘉玲(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學研究所。
  56. 楊嘉玲、趙淑珠(2001)。影響未婚受暴女性關係抉擇之因素。中華輔導與諮商學報，29，37-70。
  57. 溫筱雯(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立台灣大學社會工作研究所。
  58. 鄭瑞隆、許維倫(1999)。遭受婚姻暴力婦女因應方式之研究。犯罪學期刊，4，225-272。
被引用次数
  1. 潘淑滿(Shu-Man PAN);林雅容(Ya-Jung LIN);林東龍(Dong-Long LIN);劉一龍(Yi-Long LIU)(2022)。臺灣女性遭受性暴力的現況與求助。護理雜誌。69(4)。43-51。 
print cancel