在工作與家庭之間：父母工作負向情緒、回家負向情緒及教養行為之關聯

Between Work and Family: Relations among Parents' Negative Emotions at Work, Negative Emotions at Home and Parenting Behaviors

10.30074/FJMH.201409_27(3).0002

陳富美(Fu-Mei Chen)；蕭英玲(Ying-Ling Hsiao)

日記記錄法 ； 工作與家庭 ； 親職 ； 工作壓力 ； 情緒 ； daily diary ； work and family ； parenting ； job stress ； emotion

中華心理衛生學刊

27卷3期（2014 / 09 / 01）

357 - 378

繁體中文

研究目的：本研究檢視雙薪家庭父母的工作壓力之於親職的影響。主要目的在於檢視每日工作情緒之於回家情緒與教養行為的短期影響。此外，本研究除了檢視個人的工作情緒如何影響自己回家後的教養行為，也同時檢視對偶效應，探究個人的工作情緒如何間接影響配偶回家後的教養行為。研究方法：研究樣本為育有2－6歲幼兒、皆有全職工作且與幼兒同住之父母。請父親與母親分別以日記記錄法的方式，填寫一週五個工作天的資料，包含每日工作負向情緒、回家負向情緒及回家後的支持與嚴厲教養行為。最後擇取完成五日全部記錄的22對父母進行多變量階層線性模式分析。研究結果：研究結果發現，整體而言，母親五天平均的回家負向情緒、支持及嚴厲教養行為皆比父親高。父親回家負向情緒同時受到自己與配偶工作負向情緒的影響。此外，母親工作負向情緒對父親回家後的支持教養行為有顯著的負向影響。研究結論：本研究發現，工作壓力對家庭的溢出效應及對偶效應皆發生在父親樣本中。兩性在工作與家庭的角色、情緒狀態與情緒喚起後行為皆有所差異。

Purpose: This study examined the effects of job stress on parenting. Specifically, we examined the short-term effects of daily negative emotion at work on emotions and parenting behaviors at home. The concept of family system was applied to explore not only spillover effects, but also crossover effects. Methods: A total of 32 paired working fathers and mothers with their preschoolers participated in this study. Survey-type dyadic daily diaries were used to collect data over 5 days. Negative emotion from daily work, home negative emotion, and parenting behaviors were recorded to examine the short-term effects of work stress on parenting. Data from 22 pairs with no missing data on the 5-day records were used for further analyses using multivariate hierarchical linear modeling. Results: In sum, the mothers' level of home negative emotions, and of supportive and restrictive parenting was higher than fathers'. Fathers' home negative emotions were affected by their own and their spouses' work negative emotions. Mothers' work negative emotions affected fathers' supportive parenting behaviors. Conclusions: The spillover effect and crossover effect of work stress on parenting occurred with fathers, but not mothers. When examining both work and home negative emotions, mothers' supportive parenting behaviors were affected by their own and their spouses' home negative emotions. Gender differences in work and family roles, emotional states, and behaviors after emotional arousal are discussed.

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