蝴蝶蘭滴灌施肥方法之研究

A Study of Drip Tricke Fertilization for Phalaenopsis

10.6959/RBTDAIS.199406.0037

羅聖賢(Sheng-Shyan Lo)；林安邦(An-Pang Lin)

蝴蝶蘭 ； 施肥 ； 滴灌 ； Phalaenopsis ； Fertilization ； Trickle irrigation ； Polypropylene foam

臺東區農業改良場研究彙報

5輯（1994 / 06 / 01）

37 - 46

繁體中文

利用滴灌系統可以正確的灌溉於蝴蝶蘭根圈附近，使水分、肥料損失減少至最低，且能夠簡易計算出溉灌需要量以增進水分及肥料的利用效率。以尿素、磷酸二氫鈣、氯化鉀依序配成N：P：K七種處理濃度分別為：（1）100：50：100 ppm（對照組），（2）50－50－100 ppm，（3）200－50－100 ppm，（4）100－25－100 ppm，（5）100－100－100 ppm，（6）100－50－50ppm，（7）100－50－200 ppm。每10天滴施一次，每月3次一年共36次，總體積1440公升，平均供給40株，栽培介質為p.p.泡棉。在七個處理中施用N肥200ppm可促使蝴蝶蘭的葉片增至6片，葉面積增大率達386.4%，葉片中葉綠素總量亦最高，達0.032mg，根系褐根數較少，同時花朵數目、花朵大小、花梗長度、花梗莖粗皆較佳。施用P肥25ppm，其葉片數目為5.7片，不論是在花梗長度（81.5cm），花梗莖粗（5.5mm），花朵大小（8.7×10.9cm），花朵數（7.9朵）及花朵厚度（0.25mm）均表現較佳。K肥濃度超過200ppm時會影響到植株生育，降低葉片數、葉面積增大率、花朵數、花朵厚度及花梗長度等品質性狀。而施用50ppm及100ppm之K肥對花朵大小、花梗長度、花梗莖粗、葉片數目活的根數及葉面積增大率表現皆佳，故K肥的濃度在50～100ppm之間較宜。

Using the drip trickle system could acurately irrigate Phalaenopsis around the root side to reduce the loss of water and fertilizer, easily calculate the amount of irrigation needed to improve efficiency of water and fertilizer usage.The fertilizers used were urea, calcium bimonohydrate and potassium chloride, which consisted of seven different N-P-K concentrations, including 100-50-100ppm (as the control), 50-50-100ppm, 200-50-100ppm, 100-25-100ppm, 100-100-100ppm, 100-50-50ppm and 100-50-200ppm by dripping once every 10 days, three times per month, and so a total of 36 times and 1440 litters for a year, for applying to 40 plants. Polypropylene foam was used as the culture medium.The results showed the application of 200ppm of N could grow the Phalaenopsis to 6 pieces of leaves per plant, increasing the leaves area by 386.4% of its original plant, and having 0.032mg chlorophyll in leaf; which made less brown roots, more numbers and bigger size of flowers, longer and bigger peduncles than the control.The using of 25ppm of P could promote numbers of leaf and flower length and size of peduncle, size of flower and thickness of petal significantly superior comparaed to the control. While applying concentration of K higher than 200ppm, which lowered the Qualities according to the mentioned characters, were not able to beer recommended. The feasible K concentration was 50-100ppm.