利用雙色出尾蟲對蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲之生物防治效果評估

Studies on the Use of Cybocephalus Nipponicus Endröy-Younga (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae) for Biological Control of Aulacaspis Yasumatsui Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Taiwan

10.6959/RBTDAIS.200808.0031

許迪川(Ti-Chuan Hsu)

台東蘇鐵 ； 雙色出尾蟲 ； 蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲 ； 生物防治 ； Cycas taitungensis ； Cybocephalus nipponicus ； Aulacaspis yasumatsui ； Biogical control

臺東區農業改良場研究彙報

17輯（2008 / 08 / 01）

31 - 49

繁體中文

蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲（Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi）為台東蘇鐵最重要害蟲之一。本試驗在台東場於簡易網室（長、寬、高1080 cm X 120 cm X 240 cm，栽植25株每株約85 cm高的蘇鐵盆栽）內以盆栽之台東蘇鐵，其葉上寄生有蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲，並以該蟲來大量繁殖雙色出尾蟲，平均每月可生產1528.0隻。用養蟲棚（長、寬、高90 cm X 90 cm X 90 cm）單株蘇鐵則每個月可生產169.5 ± 125.1隻。雙色出尾蟲雄成蟲在30分鐘內可以捕食19.4 ± 8.2隻，雌成蟲可捕食20.7 ± 5.0隻蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲的一齡若蟲，雌雄之捕食量無差異。在養蟲棚內進行雙色出尾蟲對蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲之生物防治試驗，蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲雄若蟲數量在釋放雙色出尾蟲1個月之後，釋放750對雙色出尾蟲棚內之蘇鐵葉片由每5 cm葉片之18.1 ± 4.1隻降到1.0 ± 0.6隻，釋放2500對雙色出尾蟲之棚內由31.7 ± 10.1隻降到1.6 ± 0隻，都比對照組之20.8 ± 5.3隻降到5.9 ± 1.7隻表現要好，處理間差異顯著。田間生物防治試驗每株蘇鐵一個枝條釋放25對雙色出尾蟲（上下層共50對），一個月釋放1次，連續2次，釋放前下層葉片上白輪盾介殼蟲卵為286.0 ± 186.0顆、上層葉片207.3 ± 179.7顆，半年後下層葉片已降至89.6 ± 76.3顆、上層葉片20.4 ± 17.8顆，新長出的葉片上僅0.7 ± 1.2顆卵，生物防治效果優異，可供日後台灣蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲綜合防治的參考。

Mass reproduction of Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga was carried out in a screenhouse, measuring 1080cm x 120cm x 240cm, which has a capacity enough for holding 25 potted cycad plants of 85cm in height. An estimated 1,528.0 adults of C. nipponicus adults could be produced in a screenhouse per month. In contrast, only 169.5 ± 125.1 adults of C. nipponicus per month were produced in a screen net measuring 90cm X 90cm X 90cm. It was also estimated that a male of C. nipponicus was able to prey on 19.4±8.2 of 1st instar crawlingnymph in 30 minutes, whereas a female was able to prey on 20.7±5.0 of 1st instar crawling nymph in 30 minutes. There was no significant difference in the mean number of 1st instar crawling nymph consumed by a male and a female. C. nipponicus was released in a screenhouse for the control of Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi. Results of the study showed that a total of 750 pairs of C. nipponicus was required to achieve a significant control of eggs and male nymphs of A. yasumatsui in the screenhouse in a month. In studying the effect of C. nipponicus in controlling A. yasumatsui in the field, the result showed that releasing of 50 pairs (25 pairs each on upper and lower leaves) of C. nipponicus per month for two consecutive months for a total of 100 pairs could exhibit an effective control of A. yasumatsui in the field in 6 months. The C. nipponicus ability 10 disperse was demonstrated by its migrating to a distance of 900m in 6 moths from its initial site of release at Ma Heng Heng Road Taitung.