臺東地區不同栽培農法之鳳梨釋迦果園重要有害生物及瓢蟲調查

Investigation of Specific Pest and Ladybird Beetles on Atemoya Orchard between Different Farming Types in Taitung

許育慈(Yu-Tzu Hsu)；蔡恕仁(Shu-Jen Tsai)

有機農法 ； 鳳梨釋迦 ； 瓢蟲 ； 有害生物 ； 農業生態系 ； Organic Farming ； Atemoya ； Ladybird beetles ； Pests ； Agroecosystem

臺東區農業改良場研究彙報

34輯（2024 / 06 / 01）

69 - 87

繁體中文;英文

本研究調查2020年－2021年鳳梨釋迦（Annona squamosa × Annona cherimola）果園重要有害生物與天敵的族群變動，並分析不同栽培農法下之瓢蟲種類與多樣性差異。結果顯示，薊馬類、粉介殼蟲類、鱗翅目昆蟲及東方果實蠅等害蟲之族群與瓢蟲族群，均以有機農法果園較高，為慣行果園之1.9-4.6倍；而粉蝨類及葉蟎類2種有害生物與捕植蟎，則是慣行農法果園較高，為有機果園之1.9-5.5倍。調查瓢蟲種類計有18屬、24種，包括2種植食性瓢蟲及1種食菌瓢蟲，其他21種均為食蟲性瓢蟲。有機農法果園的瓢蟲族群量及種類多樣性均較高，其族群量為慣行農法果園的2.2倍、物種數為1.1倍；不論慣行或有機農法果園，均以採收期所採得之瓢蟲豐度及多樣性較高。此外，慣行農法果園各果樹生育期中，臺南方瓢蟲（Sasajiscymnus tainanensis（Ohta））均為優勢種，未來將進一步建立其生態特性，評估未來導入慣行果園防治害蟲之可行性。

This study investigates the population dynamics of specific pests and natural enemies in atemoya orchards during various growth stage from 2020-2021. It also analyzes the composition and diversity of ladybirds beetles species under different cultivation methods. The results show that populations of pests such as thrips, mealybugs, lepidopteran insects, and oriental fruit flies, along with ladybirds beetles at 1.9-4.6 times higher in organic farming orchards compared to conventional framing orchards. Conversely, populations of whiteflies, spider mites, and predatory mites are 1.9 to 5.5 times higher in conventional farming orchards than in organic ones. The survey identified a total of 18genera and 24 species of ladybird beetles, including two phytophagous and on mycophagous species, with the remainder being carnivorous. Organic farming orchards exhibit both higher populations of ladybird beetles (2.2 times) and greater diversity of species (1.1 times). Regardless of the farming method-conventional or organic- the abundance and diversity of ladybirds beetles collected during the fruit harvesting period are higher. Furthermore, Sasajiscymnus tainanensis (Ohta) was found to be the dominant species at each growth stage in conventional farming orchards. Further research is needed to establish its ecological characteristics and evaluate the feasibility of introducing it for pest control in conventional orchards.