「因聲求義」訓詁釋例－以《古書疑義舉例》為考察對象

The Study of Exegeses by Applying the ＂Sound Detecting Mechanism＂ to Explore the Meaning of Chinese Characters (in Reference to ＂Gushu Yiyi Julie＂)

王世中(Shih-Chung Wang)

《春在堂全書》 ； 《古書疑義舉例》 ； 因聲求義 ； 訓詁 ； 諧聲偏旁 ； 本字 ； Chunzaitang Quanshu ； Gushu Yiyi Julie ； sound detecting mechanism ； exegesis ； phonetic radicals ； original character

中國文化大學中文學報

29期（2014 / 10 / 01）

219 - 237

繁體中文

漢字能具體地記錄中華文化，是先賢立言之工具。其特點在於字義不僅能藉字形以探求，亦可由聲音之審查而得知，然古籍文字多有通假現象，造成研讀之窒礙，意義難明。有清一代，學者探討文字、聲韻、訓詁，成績斐然，乃在於諸賢多能掌握「因聲求義」之方法，突破字形之限制，以聲繫字，達到訓詁之目的，俞樾曲園即為諸賢中研經治學，考證訓詁之佼佼者。俞氏著作等身，有《春在堂全書》五百卷，該書《古書疑義舉例》乃從其研讀古籍中歸納整理所得之體例，學界無不讚嘆。今即以該書為考察對象，揭櫫「因聲求義」訓詁之方法，約而論之，有「由詩文協韻以求文義例」、「由諧聲偏旁以求古文通用例」、「由雙聲疊韻字以求本字例」等途徑。

Chinese characters are generally used to record Chinese culture in a concrete manner and utilized by scholars as a tool to achieve academic success in the past. The characteristic of Chinese character lies in its meaning which can be identified and traced not only by the shape of the character itself but also by its sound. However, many Chinese characters in ancient books are interchangeable. The interchangeability of Chinese characters has caused serious problems in the course of studies where they can be easily confused. In Ching Dynasty, many scholars were able to break through the shape limit of Chinese characters by skillfully applying the ＂Sound Detecting Mechanism＂ to find out the meaning of such and achieved tremendous success in the studies of characters, vowels, consonants and exegeses accordingly. Yu Yue was one of the representatives who successfully studied the ancient books and conducted researches on exegesis. Among his extensive portfolio of work, the book of ＂Gushu Yiyi Julie＂, which constitutes a part of the whole 500-volume ＂Chunzaitang Quanshu＂, has inductively analyzed and organized the usage of exegeses in ancient books. His achievements earned the respect and admiration of the academic community. In reference to the said book, this paper purports to discuss and explain how the ＂Sound Detecting Mechanism＂ functioned in exegeses by verifying the practical examples of firstly, the rhymes in poems for the purpose of seeking the meaning of the sentences; secondly, phonetic radicals used commonly in classical Chinese and thirdly, searching original characters from alliterations and assonances.

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