侖琴事業的奠基和飛揚

Foundation and Prosperous of Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen's Career

10.6316/TRO/199603(4)275

陳光耀(Kuang Y. Chen)

侖琴 ； 事業 ； Wilhelm C. Roentgen ； Career

放射治療與腫瘤學

3卷4期（1996 / 12 / 01）

275 - 280

繁體中文

侖琴於1869年24歲時在瑞士蘇黎世理工學院獲哲學博士，後隨孔德先生在母校任實驗物理學研究助理。1872年1月在德國烏茲堡大學短期任職時與陸博莎在兒時長大的荷蘭結婚。同年隨孔德轉往史查斯堡大學任職，經兩年努力工作，始獲講師職銜。從此父母搬來同住。 1875年聘為農業研究所物理和數學系主任。因科學與工餘生活環境不良，翌年回史查斯堡大學擔任理論物理學副教授。由於學術表現優異，兩年之後被聘為吉森大學物理學教授兼系主任，在職九年，生活與成就均甚可觀，母與父則相繼於74和83高齡去世。因博莎多年不孕乃收養其兄之女約瑟芬。1888年終因聲譽崇隆，被烏茲堡大學聘為物理學教授兼物理研究院院長，七年之後就在此職發現X光。

Mr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen was awarded his Doctorate of Philosophy degree in 1869 in the Graduate School of Zurich Polytechnic, Switzerland when he was 24 years old. He worked as a research assistant for two years in the same school with his professor Mr. August Kundt. Roentgen followed professor Kundt and left Zurich for a short term at the University of Wurzburg. During this time, Roentgen married with Miss Bertha Ludwig on January 19, 1872 in Apeldoorn, Holland where he spent many years in his childhood. Roentgen followed professor Kundt again to work as his assistant in the University of Strasbourg in 1872. After two years of successful work, he was promoted to be an instructor, his first academic position, while his parents lived with them. Within a year, Roentgen accepted to chair the Department of Physics and Mathematics at the Agricultural Academy in Wurttemberg where the scientific and social lives were not quite satisfy, so in 1876 he returned to the University of Strasbourg and worked as an associate professor of the orectic physics. During this period Roentgen began to establish his reputation in physics. Two year later he was recruited to be professor and chairman of physics at the University of Giessen where Roentgens spent nine extremely happy years. However, his mother and father died respectively at their age of 74 and 83. Because of childless, Roentgens adopted Josephine Bertha, the daughter of Bertha's brother. Roentgen acquired a high reputation in the academic circles, in 1888 he was offered and willingly accepted the post of professor of physics and director of the new Physical Institute. It was there seven years later, Roentgen discovered x-rays.