重訪五一三時的斑苔谷：中英文系師生回憶錄中的校園氛圍與學術體制驟變

Revisiting Lembah Pantai during the May 13 Incident: The Campus Atmosphere and Drastic Institutional Changes as Remembered by Students and Teachers from the Departments of English and Chinese Studies

張惠思(TEOH Hooi See)

五一三 ； 馬來亞大學 ； 回憶錄 ； 校園氛圍 ； 學術體制 ； May 13 Incident ； The University of Malaya ； memoir writings ； university atmosphere ； academic system

中山人文學報

49期（2020 / 07 / 01）

61 - 85

繁體中文

一九六九年的五一三事件，是馬來西亞史上嚴重的一場暴亂，影響深遠。其遺留下來的負面心理影響與創傷不僅是一條纏繞無解的複雜心結，輕易成為政客五年一次操弄的有效符碼；更甚的是其導向的各種國家體制構成，至今依舊是牢不可破的頑固框架，影響了每一個後來者。可以說，此事件除了改變馬來西亞的政治面貌，亦促使所有在這片土地上個人與族羣命運的徹底轉向，造成今天馬來西亞學術格局的關鍵性歷史事件。位於斑苔谷（Lembah Pantai）的馬來亞大學，地理位置上靠近事件震央。作為國家頂端的學術機構，當時身處校園裏的學者與學生如何面對五一三？而當時的校園氛圍、學術面貌與大學體制究竟為何？本文以何丙郁、王叔珉、林玉玲、林志成（Lim Chee Seng）等馬大文學院中英文系師生的回憶書寫與文學追憶，嘗試釐清與還原五一三前後（一九六二年至一九七二年）馬來亞大學學術的內在氛圍與更變。

The May 13 Incident in 1969 was one of the most influential riots in the Malaysian history and it exerted a profound impact on Malaysian history. It left negative psychological imprints and internal undertakings that cause complicated and unsettled misunderstanding on the people of the country. Politicians had turned the incident into a tool to bargain for political manipulation. Moreover, it induced the emergence of various incident-directed national structures and it is still one of the most obstinate compositions until now. We could say that this event changes the political landscape of Malaysia, facilitates the thorough transformation of the destiny of the people and ethnic groups on this land, with the addition of being the historical event that forms the current academic structure in Malaysia. University of Malaya, situated at Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, was geographically proximate to the epicentre of the event. The university functioned as the highest academic institution of the country. How did the academicians and students in the university face the event? What and how were the atmosphere at the university, academic outlook and university system at that time? By utilizing the memoir writings and literary recollections of the students and teachers from the Departments of English and Chinese Studies in the University of Malaya such as Ho Peng Yoke, Wang Shumin, Shirley Geok-lin Lim and Lim Chee Seng, this article attempts to clarify the internal academic atmospheres and changes of the University of Malaya between 1962 and 1972 (before and after the event of May, 13).

1. “Ungku Aziz: Pertegoh perpaduan ra’ayat” [Ungku Aziz: To strengthen people’s solidarity] (1969). Berita Harian, 21 May: 5.
2. “Luyou lu wujia Wuren jianjue yao changzhu xiaqu, Huazu youren jiyu chongfen baohu” [Five Malay familys in Jalan Loke Yew are determined to stay, well protected by their Chinese friends] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 8 June: 6.
3. “Mahasiswa berkempen membantu orang-orang pelarian” [University students rally to help refugees] (1969). Berita Harian, 22 May: 6.
4. “Hezhongshe jizhe muji Longshi baoluan qingxing, xinghuo tuoshen” [UPI reporter witnessed riot in Kuala Lumpur, luckily escaped from death] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 13 May: 1.
5. “Zhongnanqu Qiujie lu Hua-Wu qinshan hezuo” [Chow Kit Road of Tiong Nam district: Cooperation between Chinese and Malays] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 27 May: 5
6. “Hua-Wuren oudou, shiwuren sangsheng” [15 people died in a conflict between Chinese and Malays] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 14 May: 1.
7. “Pertama kali Melayu jadi dekan fakalti pertanian” [Malay becomes head of department of agriculture for the first time] (1969). Berita Harian, 5 April: 5.
8. “Jilongpo jiqi zhouwei jushi reng yanzhong jieyanling jiechu qijian xu fasheng baodong shijian sangsheng zhe da qishiwuren liangbai qishiqiren shoushang sanshijian fangwu beifenhui gezhong chezi bailiang zaoyang” [The situation around Kuala Lumpur is still serious. Riots continue to occur during the lifting of curfew order. Seventy-five people killed. Two hundred and seventy-seven injured. Thirty houses burned down. Hundreds of cars damaged] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 16 May: 1.
9. “Ji Jilongpo xuanbu jieyan zhihou Xue-Pi ji Bincheng yi shishi jieyan” [Curfew is imposed in Selangor, Perak and Penang following the declaration of curfew in Kuala Lumpur] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 14 May: 1.
10. “Seruan Naib Chancellor” [Appeal of the vice-Chancellor] (1969). Berita Harian, 21 May: 1.
11. “Liangshi jiuji tebiedui zuo wang saoluan yingxiangqu fenfa maipian yu renmin” [Yesterday Special Food Relief Teams went to riotous areas to distribute cereals] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 22 May: 5.
12. “Mada zhanqi kaike xuesheng quanbu pingan” [University of Malaya postpone new semester, all students are safe] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 18 May: 5.
13. “Pendaftaran baru Varsiti” [New university enrolment day] (1969). Berita Harian, 3 May: 5.
14. “Jilongpo Badaling jieyan shijian zaiyanchang jushi xuyou gaishan bashi huifu chuanxing youzheng zongju kaifang Sen Jia liangzhou yiban qingkuang lianghao” [Kuala Lumpur, Petaling’s lifting of curfew time. Situation continues to improve as buses resume service. Post Office opens Negeri Sembilan and Melaka in generally good condition] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 21 May: 5.
15. “Longshi jieyan qijian jiedao yipian lengjing” [The streets of Kuala Lumpur are quiet during curfew time] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 19 May: 1.
16. “Bincheng daxue luqu sanshier ming likesheng dingqi liuyue erri shangke Mada jiaoshou xiezhu jiangshou” [University in Penang admits 32 science students on June 2, professors from University of Malaya will assist in teaching] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 22 May: 6.
17. “Harus-kah Universiti di-perbesarkan?” [Should the university expand?] (1969). Berita Harian, 8 April: 2.
18. “Youyu Jilongpo fasheng saoluan, you Xing kaichu huoche jinzai jiuming dake XingRou wang Long, kuaiche yi tingkai” [Owing to the riots in Kuala Lumpur, the train from Singapore carried only nine passengers. Express from Johor-Singapore to Kuala Lumpur stopped either] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 13 May: 5.
19. “Mada fuxiaozhang zuori baozheng waidi xinsheng weidengji bideng xue’e kebaoliu ruxue shouxu jiang jixu banli” [Yesterday the vice-chancellor of University of Malaya guaranteed students who have not registered for their places will be able to keep the places and continue the admission process] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 25 May: 6.
20. “Jilongpo shishi jieyan Gang-Longxian hangji tinghang” [Kuala Lumpur is under curfew, flights between Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur are grounded] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 15 May: 6.
21. “Dama yuanshou jinji xuangao jinru yanzhong jinji zhuangtai zhengfu you quan jiang weifan jieyanling zhe jiangqi quzhu chujing huo panchu sixing” [The King of Malaysia declared state of emergency and the government has the power to deport or impose death penalty on those who violate the law] (1969). Nanyang Siang Pau, 15 May: 1.
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