大專網球選手運動目標取向與運動動機之相關研究

The Relationships of Task and Ego Orientation to Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation among Tennis Players

10.6222/pej.0020.199512.4001

季力康(Li-Kang Chi)；賴素玲(Su-Lin Lai)；陳美燕(Mei-Yen Chen)

目標取向 ； 內在動機 ； 外在動機 ； 無動機 ； Goal orientation ； Intrinsic motivation ； Extrinsic motivation ； Amotivation

體育學報

20期（1995 / 12 / 01）

1 - 12

繁體中文

本研究目的有二：㈠探討大專網球選手不同性別及運動水準在運動動機中內在動機、外在動機及無動機的差異情形；㈡不同性別、運動水準之大專網球選手的運動目標取向和運動動機的相關情形。受試者為參加84年度大專網球賽甲乙組選手289人，其中男生171人，女生118人。受試者在比賽期間完成一份問卷，問卷內容包括有基本資料、運動動機量表和運動目標取向量表三個部份。研究結果顯示，不同性別和運動水準在參與網球運動動機上有顯著的差異，男選手在參與網球運動的內在動機及外在動機顯著高於女選手；甲組選手參與網球運動的外在動機及無動機顯著高於乙組選手。在運動目標取向與運動動機的相關研究方面，以不同性別而言，不論男選手或女選手的自我取向均與內在動機和外在動機有正相關，男選手的自我取向與無動機有正相關。再者，男選手或女選手的工作取向均與內在動機有正相關，唯男選手的工作取向和外在動機亦有正相關。以運動水準而言，甲組選手的工作取向與內在動機有正相關，自我取向與外在動機有正相關。乙組選手的工作取向與內在動機及外在動機有正相關，自我取向與內在動機、外在動機及無動機有正相關。

The purpose of this study was two-fold:(1)to examine the effects of gender and competitive level differences on collegiate tennis players' intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, (2)to examine the relationships of dispositional task and ego orientations to intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. Subjects were289 collegiate tennis players(male=171, female=118)who participated in 1995 Intercollegiate Tennis Tournament. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire which includes subjects' demographic data, Sport Motivation Scale, and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) Male players reported greater intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation than female players regarded participating in tennis. In terms of the competitive level, Division Ⅰ players reported significantly greater extrinsic motivation and amotivation than Division Ⅱ players with respect to participating in tennis. (2)In terms of the relationships of task and ego orientation to the motivations to participating in tennis, the results supported the theoretical hypotheses and previous studies. That is, task orientation was positively correlated with intrinsic motivation and ego orientation was positively correlated with extrinsic motivation. It is suggested that there is a need to combine the goal perspective theory and cognitive evaluation theory and empirically test the possible links between goal orientations, perceived competence, and self-determination process.