運動方式與鞋墊厚度對避震效果之影響

The Cushioning Effects of Different Thickness Insole in Various Locomotion

10.6222/pej.0021.199606.2119

邱宏達(H. T. Chiu)；相子元(T. Y. Shiang)

避震 ； 運動鞋 ； 鞋墊 ； 運動方式 ； Cushioning ； Sport Shoe ； Insole ； Locomotion

體育學報

21期（1996 / 06 / 01）

207 - 217

繁體中文

本文之目的在研究不同運動方式及鞋墊(insole)厚度對避震效果的影響。為了瞭解材料測試與人體測試之差異，本實驗採用一般常用於醫療或運動鞋內底(insole)之材料P.P.T(Langer Biomechanics Group, Inc.)，材料測試部份，先進行其材料特性測試，再借助測力板測試其避震效果；人體測試部份則由一位健康男性受測者以四種不同的運動方式與測力板接觸，並以赤腳、及穿著兩塊、四塊1／8英吋鞋墊等三種情形，測量其地面反作用力及接觸時間，再以此探討其對避震效果的影響。實驗結果發現，運動型態會影響最大地面反作用力的大小，而鞋墊厚度則不影響，此與材料測試的結果不盡相符。對於腳跟著地的運動方式，如走路及慢跑，若腳底無鞋墊保護直接接觸地面，腳部會受一撞擊力峰值(impact force peak)作用，但是穿上鞋墊後，則此撞擊力峰値消失，通常運動鞋的避震功能，是以能否有效降低撞擊力大小作為評估，因此穿著鞋墊有助於撞擊力的吸收，可減少下肢運動傷害發生的機率。而以腳尖著地時，有無穿著鞋墊皆不會受此撞擊力峰值作用，其原因可能是人體踝關節本身之緩衝功能，及下肢的神經肌肉系統且對於不同厚度的鞋墊產生適應(adaptation)所造成。

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cushioning effects of insole thickness in various locomotion. P.P.T (Langer Biomechanics Group, Inc.), usually used as in solematerial in therapeutic and sports footwear, was selected to study the difference between material test and subject test. The material test determined the material properties and cushioning functions using Instron Testing Machine and Kistler Force Plate System. The subject test analyzed a healthy male subject who performed 4 different locomotion (walking, jogging, running, and jumping) by wearing 3 different thickness in sole. The ground reaction force and contact duration were recorded by Force Plate. According to the experiments, the ground reaction force was changed due to different locomotion, but the insole thick ness has no significant effect. This result is different from the material test results. An impact force peak will occur for the heel strike type locomotion such as walking and jogging, and the impact will decrease by increasing the insole thickness. This impact force peak is the major factor for the lower extremity injury. Therefore, the sports injury can be decreased by wearing shoe pad under the foot. For the toe strike type locomotion such as fast running and jumping, there is no impact force peak even for the barefoot condition. It's probably because the human ankle can absorb the impact energy and the human neuromuscular system can adapt to different footwear conditions and locomotion.