北宋武學初探

The Development of Military Academies in the Northern Sung Dynasty

10.6222/pej.0021.199606.2104

鄭國銘(Kuo-Ming Cheng)

北宋 ； 武學 ； 軍事教育 ； 軍事學校 ； Northern Sung ； nilitary academy system(wu-hsueh) ； military education ； military schools

體育學報

21期（1996 / 06 / 01）

37 - 46

繁體中文

中國古代的軍事體育發展中，有關軍事專門學校的建立，這部份的課題沒有完整的論述，引發筆者探究的動機。 北宋在軍事教育的訓練上，中央官學敎育中設立了培養軍事人才的專門學校--武學。武學開辦於北宋仁宗慶曆三年（公元1043年）；旋即停止。神宗熙寧五年（公元1072年）再建武學於武成王廟。本文主要探討武學在北宋最初開辦的情形。 本研究採歷史研究法，研究範圍上起宋太祖，下迄神宗。 總結北宋武學的要點如下： 一、軍事的失利配合敎育的改革促成了北宋武學的產生。 二、北宋武學確立中國古代車事敎育的體制。 三、北宋武學是養士與取士結合的制度。

In view that there is no integral discussion on the establishment of specialized military education in ancient China, the author is attracted to make an detailed examination into the issue. The Northern Sung Dynasty put great emphasis on specialized schools for the training of the military under the official education system the so called wu-hsueh (military academies).The first of these military academies was established during the 3rd year of the Ch'ing-li reign of Emperor Shen-tsung (1043a.d.).In the 5rd year of the reign of Emperor Jen-tsung (1072a.d.),a military academy was founded within the Wu-cheng Wang Temple. This article is focused on the beginning and developing of militaryacademies in the Northern Sung Dynasty. This study adopts historical documentation, ranging from Emperor Tai-tsu Dynasty. In summary, the military academies of the Northern Sung had the following characteristics: 1. The evolution of Wu-hsueh was influenced by the military failure and educational revolution. 2. Wu-hsueh of the Nor them Sung Dynasty established the military education system in ancient China. 3. Wu-hsueh of the Nor them Sung Dynasty integrated military cultivation with military selection.