籃球罰球時左右腦α波的活動研究

A Study on Brain Cortical Hemispheric EEG Activity (α-Asymmetry) and Basketball Free Throw

10.6222/pej.0028.200003.4019

洪聰敏(Tsung-Min Hung)

左右腦 ； 腦波 ； 專注力 ； 籃球罰球 ； Brain Asymmetry ； EEG ； Attention ； Basketball Free Throw

體育學報

28期（2000 / 03 / 01）

193 - 202

繁體中文

本研究主要在探討籃球罰球時左右腦的活動與成績表現的關係。實驗參與者是十五位國內男子大專甲組或職籃選手，以國際10-20系統14個單極誘導腦波電極以及2組雙極誘導眼電極再加上一組雙極誘導肌電極記錄各生理訊號。罰球啟動前2秒鐘的腦波以每段0.5秒的時間切割成4段，在經過去除偽訊後進行快速扶立葉轉換以獲得α功率，並經過自然倒數Ln轉換後以「右腦／左腦」公式，將F3、F7、C3、T3、P3和O1等右腦電極的α功率除以所對應的F4、F8、C4、T4、P4與O2等左腦電極的α功率，共獲得六個位置的左右腦α功率比值。以2×4×6（罰球表現X時間視窗X位置）組內設計的三因子變異數分析進行統計處理。結果發現，無論是主要效果或各交互作用效果皆未達統計的顯著水準。由各配對電極的α功率比值發現在運動區的左腦較右腦活躍，但是在前額區則是右腦較左腦活躍，其他區域則是左右腦活動狀態相當，本研究以專注力觀點對該等發現加以討論，結論是研究籃球罰球的腦部活動可以幫助我們瞭解與運動技能表現有關的心智狀態的訊息。

Previous researches in rifle shooting have shown electroencephalograph (EEG) α asymmetry toward right brain dominance during the aiming period. This finding suggests an attention shift toward the nonverbal, visuospatial right brain mode of information processing. The current study intends to replicate the rifle study in basketball free throw. Fifteen male, skilled basketball players participated in this study. EEG were recorded at scalp of F3, F4, F7, F8, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, O2, Fz, and Pz of the traditional 10-20 system. Eye movements were monitored using 2 bipolar channels. In addition, two EMG electrodes were attached on the surface of trapezius muscle to mark the onset of the shooting. The recorded EEG was segmented into four epochs, 0.5 second each, for the last 2 seconds prior to the initiation of free throw. Artifact-free EEG epochs were subjected to fast fourior transformation. The α power was derived and log transformed. The α asymmetry ratio was calculated using the formula of right/left for the pairs of F34, P78, C34, T34, P34, and 012. Although the performance, time, and site main effects and their interaction effects were not significant, examination of the means showed some interesting trends. The motor cortex (C34) showed a left hemispheric dominance prior to the basketball free throw. This result was consistent with the principle of contralateral control of the motor cortex. The frontal asymmetry toward right dominance was another interesting finding. Since the right frontal cortex has been associated with withdrawal related affects, the preponderance of negative emotions during the basketball free throw deserves further investigations. The findings that most homologous sites were bilaterally activated were also noteworthy. These results were consistent with other studies that suggested complex motor skills required involvement of both hemispheres for cortical processing. These findings were discussed in the context of attention.

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