父母對於兒童的運動信念及行爲的影響機制與兒童知覺父母涉入的品質

The Mechanism of Parents' Influences on Children's Beliefs and Behaviors in Sport and Children's Perceived Quality of Parents' Involvement

10.6222/pej.4103.200809.0802

賴雅馨(Ya-Hsin Lai)；廖主民(Chu-Min Laio)

期望價值信念 ； 父母社會化 ； 父母涉入的品質 ； 運動參與行為 ； expectancy-value beliefs ； parents socialization ； the qulity of parents involvement ； sport participation

體育學報

41卷3期（2008 / 09 / 01）

15 - 28

繁體中文

目的：主要以Eccles等(1983)的期望價值理論及Eccles，Wigfield，與Schiefele (1998)的父母社會化模式爲基礎來探討父母影響兒童參與運動的機制。方法：以國小二、三、四年級學童及其父母(N=674)爲施測對象。分別以階層迴歸及標準迴歸分析進行兩階段資料分析。第一階段分別以父母親的期望、價值信念、行爲涉入及器材提供爲預測變項，兒童知覺父母涉入的品質爲調節變項，兒童的期望、價值信念分別爲效標變項。第二階段則是以兒童的期望、價值信念爲預測變項，兒童的運動參與行爲則爲效標變項。結果：父母親的期望、價值信念及行爲涉入對於兒童的期望、價值信念的影響並不會受到兒童知覺父母涉入的品質所調節，但父母親的期望、價值信念對於兒童的期望價值信念有顯著的預測力，且父親的行爲涉入對於兒童的期望信念也有預測力。另外，兒童知覺父母涉入的品質對於兒童的期望信念有預測力，且兒童的價值信念對於兒童的運動參與行爲也有預測力。結論：兒童知覺父母涉入的品質並不會調節父母的信念及行爲涉入與兒童的運動信念及行爲兩者之間的關係，但卻會直接影響兒童的運動信念及行爲。此因素提供未來在探討父母影響兒童參與運動的機制，另一個值得探究的方向。

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of parents on children's sport participation, based on expectancy-value model (Eccles et al., 1983) and parents socialization model (Eccles, 1998). The main research question was that whether the influence of parents' expectancy-value beliefs and involvement behaviors to children's expectancy-value beliefs and sport participation was moderated by children's perceived quality of their parents' involvement. Methods: Children and parents of grade 2 to 4 from three elementary schools participated in this study. Sequencial and standred regression analyses were conducted. Predictor variables were parents' expectancy-value beliefs, levels of behavior involvement, and equipment provision. Moderate variables were children's perceived quality of parents' involvement, and criterion variables were children's expectancy-value beliefs and sport participation. Results: Results did not show that the prediction of parents expecyancy-value beliefs and involvement behaviors to children's expectancy-value beliefs was moderated by children's perceived quality of parents' involvement. However, parents' expectancy-value beliefs did predicte children's expectancy-value beliefs and father's behavior involvement, but not mothers', predicted children's expectancy beliefs. For children, their perceptions of parents' involvement predicted their expectancy beliefs, and their value beliefs predicted their levels of sport participation. Conclusion: The relationship of parents' expectancy-value beliefs, involvement behaviors and children's expectancy-value beliefs, sport participation was not moderated by children's perceived quality of their parents' involvement, but children's perceived quality of their parents' involvement can directly influence on children's expectancy-value beliefs and sport participation. The factor will offer a deserving of guide to examine the influence of parents on children's sport participation in the future.

1. Babkes, M. L.,Weiss, M. R.(1999).Parental influence on children`s cognitive and affective responses to competitive soccer participation.Pediatric Exercise Science,11,44-62.
2. Bandura, A.(1977).Social learning theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
3. Biddle., J. H.(2005).Couch kids: Sedentary behavior in adolescents.Symposium conducted at the meeting of the International Conference of Sport and Exercise Psychology,Taipei, Taiwan:
4. Brustad, R. J.(1993).Who will go out and play? Parental and psychological influences on children`s attraction to physical activity.Pediatric Exercise Science,5,210-223.
5. Dempsey, J. M.,Kimiecik, J. C.,Horn, T. S.(1993).Parental influence children`s moderate to vigorous physical activity participation: An expectancy-value approach.Pediatric Exercise Science,5,151-167.
6. Dennison, B. A.,Straus, J. H.,Mcllits, E. D.,Charney, E.(1988).Children physical fitness tests: Predictor of adult physical activity levels?.Pediatrics,82,324-330.
7. Eccles, J. S.,Adler, T. F.,Futterman, R.,Goff, S. B.,Kaczala, C. M.,Meece, J. L.,J. T. Spence (Ed.)(1983).Achievement and achievement motivation.San Francisco:W. H. Freeman.
8. Eccles, J. S.,Wigfield, A.,Schiefele, U.,W. Damon (Series Ed.),N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.)(1998).Handbook of child psychology: Vol.3. Social, emotional and personality development.New York:Wiley.
9. Fredricks, J. A.,Eccles, J. S.(2005).Family socialization, gender, and sport motivation and involvement.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,27,3-31.
10. Frome, P. M.,Eccles, J. S.(1998).Parents' influence on children's achievement-related perceptions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74,435-452.
11. Green, C. B.,Chalip, L.(1997).Enduring involvement in youth soccer: The socialization of parent and child.Journal of Leisure Research,29,61-77.
12. Howard, D.,Madrigal, R.(1990).Who makes the decision: The parent or children?.Journal of Leisure Research,22,244-258.
13. Jambor, E. A.(1999).Parents as children`s socializing agents in youth soccer.Journal of Sport Behavior,22,350-359.
14. Sharkey, B.(1984).Physiology of fitness.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
15. Stein, G. L.,Raedeke, T. D.,Glenn, S. D.(1999).Children's perceptions of parent sport involvement: It`s not how much, but to what degree that`s important.Journal of Sport Behavior,22,591-601.
16. Stephens, T.,Jacobs, D. R.,White, C. C.(1985).A descriptive epidemiology of leisure time physical activity.Public Health Reports,100,147-158.
17. 李玉琳(2004)。國立臺灣體育學院。
18. 廖主民(2007)。「運動期望與價值量表：兒童及青少年版」中文量表之初步檢驗－以Eccles的期望價值理論為基礎。International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology，1，228-255。
19. 劉又仁(2005)。國立臺灣體育學院。
20. 劉影梅、陳俊忠、蔣立琦(2003)。行政院衛生署國民健康局九十二年度科技研究發展計劃報告。臺北市:行政院衛生署國民健康局。

1. 孔建嘉(2017)。台中市網球參與者運動期望價值、涉入程度對休閒效益之研究。運動休閒管理學報，14(3)，58-73。
2. 賴淑美、黃淑貞、洪文綺、林妙嬫、吳齊殷(2018)。自我效能、家庭與環境對學童走路上學關係之研究。Physical Education Journal，51(3)，357-372。
3. 唐慧媛、王亭文、王文宜(2017)。孩子，讓我幫你！談競技運動中的父母涉入議題。中華體育季刊，31(2)，161-170。
4. 謝承勳、曾國恆、林建宇、江信宏(2018)。優秀運動員社會化過程之探究。運動文化研究，32，93-115。
5. 楊亮梅、陳俊民(2016)。競技與休閒運動經歷、自覺運動能力對運動價值觀之影響研究。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，15(1)，136-148。
6. 鄭智仁、伍啟萌、王志全(2015)。大學運動員知覺教練期望價值與運動成就之研究。交大體育學刊，9，13-21。
7. (2023)。孩子的運動、媽媽的勞務：臺灣「足球媽媽」的性別意涵。女學學誌：婦女與性別研究，53，61-106。
8. (2024)。大專籃球公開組學生運動員運動生涯與社會支持之研究。長榮運動休閒學刊，18，49-57。