體育統計分析與層次研究概念之介紹

Introduction of the Statistical Analysis Concepts and Multilevel Research in Sport and Exercise Science

10.6222/pej.4504.201303.0801

陳美燕(Mei-Yen Chen)；葉允棋(Yun-Ci Ye)

時間脈絡 ； 層次脈絡 ； 潛在成長模式分析 ； time context ； level context ； latent growth model

體育學報

46卷1期（2013 / 03 / 01）

1 - 12

繁體中文

本文目的為介紹量化研究方法論中有關統計分析的脈絡與要點，隨著電腦科技發展與數學演算進步而快速發展中，從事體育運動學術研究者有必要瞭解各項統計分析方法的應用與發展趨勢。綜合上述，首先，本文依方法、時間和層次三個脈絡介紹相關統計分析在體育運動上的應用；接著，以目前在縱貫型研究常使用的潛在成長模式分析為例，介紹其適用之體育運動研究設計與方法；最後，提出本文的結論。期望能透過本文統計分析議題的論述，協助體育運動學者了解統計分析方法的歷程，進而增進理論研究的發展，以及強化研究設計與統計分析結合之應用能力。

With rapid development of software tools and applications, expertises in sport and exercise science have to understand statistical methods and applications as well as the improvement trend. First, this review introduced the applications in the sport and exercise science in the time series context, multi-level context, and methodological context. Second, this review presented an example of a latent growth model analysis, which has been widely used in longitudinal research, to introduce how to fit the model in the sport and exercise science. Finally, this review concluded some important viewpoints when conducting a quantitative study. In sum, this review tried to help researchers get more understanding in statistical analysis methods, integrate statistical analysis application, and enhance theory development in sport and exercise science.

1. 林鉦棽、彭台光(2006)。多層次管理研究：分析層次的概念、理論和方法。管理學報，23(6)，649-675。
   連結：
2. 邱皓政(2007)。脈絡變數的多層次潛在變數模式分析：口試評分者效應的多層次結構方程模式實證應用。中華心理學刊，49(4)，383-405。
   連結：
3. 溫福星、邱皓政(2009)。組織研究中的多層次調節式中介效果：以組織創新氣氛、組織承諾與工作滿意的實證研究為例。管理學報，26(2)，189-211。
   連結：
4. Aguinis, H.,Pierce, C. A.,Bosco, F. A.,Muslin, I. S.(2009).First decade of Organizational Research Methods: Trends in design, measurement, and data-analysis topics.Organizational Research Methods,12(1),69-112.
5. Aldag, R. J.,Stearns, T. M.(1988).Issues in research methodology.Journal of Management,14(2),253-275.
6. Buchanan, D. A.,Bryman, A.(2007).Contextualizing methods choice in organizational research.Organizational Research Methods,10(3),483-501.
7. Cascio, W. F.,Aguinis, H.(2008).Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends.Journal of Applied Psychology,93(5),1062-1081.
8. Casper, W. J.,Eby, L. T.,Bordeaux, C.,Lockwood, A.,Lambert, D.(2007).A review of research methods in IO/OB work-family research.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(1),28-43.
9. Chalip, L.(2006).Toward a distinctive sport management discipline.Journal of Sport Management,20,1-21.
10. Chan, D.(1998).The conceptualization and analysis of change over time: an integrative approach incorporating Longitudinal Mean and Covariance Structures Analysis (LMACS) and Multiple Indicator Latent Growth Modeling (MLGM).Organizational Research Methods,1,421-483.
11. Chen, G.,Kirkman, B. L.,Kanfer, R.,Allen, D.,Rosen, B.(2007).A Multilevel Study of leadership, empowerment, and performance in teams.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(2),331-346.
12. Chou, C. P.,Bentler, P. M.,Pentz, M. A.(1998).Comparisons of two statistical approaches to study growth curves: The multilevel model and the latent curve analysis.Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal,5(3),247-266.
13. Conroy, D. E.,Steriani, E.,Hyde, A. L.,Doerksen, S. E.(2011).The dynamic nature of physical activity intentions: a within-person perspective on intention-behavior coupling.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,33(6),807-827.
14. Crotty, M.(1998).The foundations of social research.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
15. Curran, P. J.,Bauer, D. J.(2011).The disaggregation of within-person and betweenperson effects in longitudinal models of change.Annual Review of Psychology,62,583-619.
16. Curran, P. J.,Hussong, A. M.(2003).The use of latent trajectory models in psychopathology research.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,112(4),526-544.
17. Dean, M. A.,Shook, C. L.,Payne, G. T.(2007).The past, present, and future of entrepreneurship research: Data analytic trends and training.Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,31(4),601-618.
18. Duriau, V. J.,Reger, R. K.,Pfarrer, M. D.(2007).A content analysis of the content analysis literature in organization studies: Research themes, data sources, and methodological refinements.Organizational Research Methods,10(1),5-34.
19. Edmondson, A. C.,McManus, S. E.(2007).Methodological fit in management field research.Academy of Management Review,32(4),1155-1179.
20. Ferrer, E.,McArdle, J. J.(2010).Longitudinal modeling of developmental changes in psychological research.Current Directions in Psychological Science,19(3),149-154.
21. Hancock, G. R.(Ed.),Mueller, R. O.(Ed.)(2010).The reviewer's guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences.New York:Routledge.
22. Hung, L. F.(2010).The multigroup multilevel categorical latent growth curve models.Multivariate Behavioral Research,45(2),359-392.
23. Kaplan, D.(2009).Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
24. Klein, K. J.,Dansereau, F.,Hall, R. J.(1994).Levels issues in theory development, data collection, and analysis.Academy of Management Review,19(1),195-229.
25. Lance, C. E.,Vandenberg, R. J.,Self, R. M.(2000).Latent growth models of individual change: The case of newcomer adjustment.Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes,83(1),107-140.
26. Lane, A. M.(2012).Psychology and the journal of sports sciences: Getting published.Journal of Sports Sciences,30(13),1325-1327.
27. Morgeson, F. P.,Hofmann, D. A.(1999).The structure and function of collective constructs: implications for multilevel research and theory development.Academy of Management Review,24(2),249-250.
28. Mullineaux, D. R.,Bartlett, R. M.,Bennett, S.(2001).Research design and statistics in biomechanics and motor control.Journal of Sports Sciences,19(10),739-760.
29. Pitariu, A. H.,Ployhart, R. E.(2010).Explaining change: theorizing and testing dynamic mediated longitudinal relationships.Journal of Management,36(2),405-429.
30. Ployhart, R. E.,Vandenberg, R. J.(2010).Longitudinal research: the theory, design, and analysis of change.Journal of Management,36(1),94-120.
31. Punch, K. F.(2005).Introduction to social research-quantitative & qualitative approaches.London:Sage.
32. Rao, C. R.(1958).Some statistical models for comparation of growth curves.Biometrics,14,1-17.
33. Rogelberg, S. G.(Ed.)(2004).Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology.London:Blackwell.
34. Scandura, T.,Williams, E.(2000).Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research.Academy of Management Journal,43(6),1248-1264.
35. Shilbury, D.(2011).A bibliometric study of citations to sport management and marketing journals.Journal of Sport Management,25(5),423-444.
36. Shilbury, D.,Rentschler, R.(2007).Assessing sport management journals: A multi-dimensional examination.Sport Management Review,10,31-44.
37. Shook, C. L.,Ketchen, D. J.,Cycyota, C. S.,Crockett, D.(2003).Data analytic trends and training in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,24(12),1231-1237.
38. Singer, J. D.,Willett, J. B.(2003).Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence.New York:Oxford University press.
39. Stone-Romero, E. F.,Weaver, A. E.,Glenar, J. L.(1995).Trends in research design and data analytic strategies in organizational research.Journal of Management,21(1),141-157.
40. Tabachnick, B. G.,Fidell, L. S.(2007).Using multivariate statistics.Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
41. Tucker, L. R.(1958).Determination of paramters of a functional relation by factor analysis.Psychometrika,23,19-23.
42. Van, M. J.,Srensen, J. B.,Mitchell, T. R.(2007).Introduction to special topic forum: The interplay between theory and method.Academy of Management Review,32(4),1145-1154.
43. Werner, S.(2002).Recent developments in international management research: A review of the top 20 management journals.Journal of Management,28(2),277-306.
44. Williams, L. J.,Edwards, J. R.,Vandenberg, R. J.(2003).Recent advances in causal modeling methods for organizational and management research.Journal of Management,29(6),903-936.
45. Winter, E. M.,Eston, R. G.,Lamb, K. L.(2001).Statistical analyses in the physiology of exercise and kinanthropometry.Journal of Sports Sciences,19(10),761-775.
46. Wu, W.,West, S. G.(2010).Sensitivity of fit indices to misspecification in growth curve models.Multivariate Behavioral Research,45(4),420-452.
47. Wu, W.,West, S. G.,Taylor, A. B.(2009).Evaluating model fit for growth curve models: integration of fit indices from sem and mlm frameworks.Psychological Methods,14(3),183-201.
48. 吳齊殷、張明宜、陳怡菁(2008)。尋找機制與過程：長期追蹤研究的功用。量化研究學刊，2(1)，1-26。
49. 邱皓政(2010)。量化研究與統計分析（基礎版）─SPSS 中文視窗版資料分析範例解析。臺北:五南。
50. 邱皓政、溫福星(2007)。脈絡效果的階層線性模型分析：以學校組織創新氣氛與教師創意表現為例。教育與心理研究，30(1)，1-35。
51. 楊志堅、劉心筠、楊志強(2004)。縱貫研究以潛在成長模式分析之樣本數與檢定力研究。教育與心理研究，27(3)，603-626。

1. 曾文永、倪瑛蓮(2017)。構念層次理論在運動消費研究之應用。中華體育季刊，31(1)，75-84。
2. 陳美燕、倪瑛蓮、施致平(2014)。中介效果分析在體育運動研究的應用現況探討。中華體育季刊，28(4)，305-314。
3. 陳韻欣、陳美燕、倪瑛蓮(2016)。商店特徵對消費者購買意圖之關係探討─消費者情緒的中介效果。臺灣體育學術研究，60，1-20。
4. 林文斌(2015)。共同邊界與技術落差比率在運動領域之應用。體育學報，48(4)，383-398。
5. 蘇維杉、顏君彰、徐茂洲(2015)。運動觀光論文應用結構方程模型之研究。運動休閒管理學報，12(1)，37-56。
6. 徐茂洲(2015)。潛在成長模式在體育運動領域之應用。大專體育，135，53-66。
7. 徐茂洲(2016)。運動教練領導理論在結構方程模式之應用。大專體育，139，1-9。
8. 鄭志富、郭哲君(2013)。題項包裹法於結構方程模式分析中的應用：臺灣體育與運動學術研究之分析與探討。體育學報，46(4)，429-442。