不同外在負重對男子競技體操選手併腿全旋運動學表現的影響

The Kinematic Effect of External Weight Loadings on Performance of Double Leg Circles for Male Competitive Gymnasts

10.6222/pej.4602.201309.0903

陳光輝(Kuang-Hui Chen)；陳家宏(Jia-Hong Chen)；廖歆迪(Hsin-Ti Liao)；湯文慈(Wen-Tzu Tang)

鞍馬 ； 基本動作 ； 輔助訓練 ； 穩定 ； pommel horse ； basic skills ； auxiliary training ； stability

體育學報

46卷3期（2013 / 09 / 01）

209 - 220

繁體中文

目的：透過量測找出男子競技體操選手實施併腿全旋時適當的負荷重量，未來可將外在負重運用在實務訓練中，提昇併腿全旋動作控制表現與穩定性。方法：本實驗運用9架紅外線攝影機及動作分析系統進行拍攝，紀錄14位男子競技體操選手的動作表現，實驗所得資料透過相依樣本t檢定考驗無負重與不同外在負重併腿全旋的髖關節角度、腳尖垂直高度、腳尖水平速度及其變異係數等的差異。結果：成年及少年選手在不同外在負重條件下實施併腿全旋時髖關節角度皆無差異，腳尖水平速度分別減緩3～5及1～3%，另外，在1600 g（體重2.70%）外在負荷重量時成年選手併腿全旋的腳尖垂直高度顯著降低。併腿全旋腳尖垂直高度及腳尖水平速度的變異係數皆隨著外在負荷重量增加而呈現下降的趨勢。結論：成年選手實施併腿全旋的外在負荷重量臨界值應為1400 g（體重2.37%），負荷過重時會降低腳尖垂直高度，但是少年選手實施併腿全旋時腳尖垂直高度表現無受到外在負荷重量的影響。另外，在外在負重條件下併腿全旋腳尖垂直高度及腳尖水平速度的變異係數皆低於無負重，由此可知，外在負重能有助於併腿全旋動作的穩定性。

Purpose: To determine the optimal external loads in a weight-bearing ”double leg circles” movement, and to forward this knowledge into future training of the pommel horse event in artistic gymnastics. Methods: Using 9 infrared cameras and the Motion AnalysisTM System, 14 artistic gymnasts' performances were recorded. Dependent variable t-test was used to examine the differences of hip angle, vertical toe displacement (height), horizontal toe velocity and their coefficient of variances (CVs) between different loading conditions. Results: Hip angles aren't affected by the external loads for either the adult or the junior group, while horizontal toe speeds tend to drop by 3 ~ 5 and 1 ~ 3%, respectively, as the external load increases. Furthermore, starting from 1600 g (2.70% of the average bodyweight), vertical toe positions of the adult group start to drop significantly with increased loads. The CVs of the toes' vertical positions and horizontal velocities both tend to decrease as the external load increases. Conclusions: Through the analysis on these different parameters, we concluded that the critical loading condition in pommel horse training should be 1400 g (2.37% bodyweight), over which the toe vertical position starts to decrease, but the junior group are not affected. Also, with the external loads, the CVs in vertical displacements and horizontal velocities tend to decrease, showing that adding external loads can help with stability of the movements.

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