不同性別排球選手扣球著地下肢生物力學之差異

Gender Differences in Lower Extremity Biomechanics during Volleyball Spike Landing

10.3966/102472972015064802007

謝耀毅(Yao-Yi Hsieh)；陳柏潔(Po-Chieh Chen)；黃長福(Chen-Fu Huang)

運動傷害 ； 膝關節 ； 運動學 ； 動力學 ； sport injury ； knee ； kinematics ； kinetics

體育學報

48卷2期（2015 / 06 / 01）

195 - 203

繁體中文

緒論：扣球技術在比賽中不僅是最有利又積極的得分手段，又可以增加比賽獲勝的機率。雖然扣球被視為一項優異的進攻技術，相較於其他排球技術卻存在較高的受傷風險。排球競賽是項非接觸性的運動，但在著地時常伴隨著的骨骼肌肉的傷害。過去許多排球選手常見的下肢運動傷害經常發生在著地之際，且在相同的運動項目中女性相較於男性會呈現較高前十字韌帶受傷的風險，著地動作即為女性受傷的主要因素。因此，本研究藉由收集生物力學的參數，比較男性與女性排球選手實際扣球著地動作的差異。方法：實驗參與者為8名男性、8名女性排球選手，執行排球扣球動作，以高速攝影機（300Hz）及測力板（1500Hz）收集扣球著地運動學及動力學的資料，以獨立樣本t-test檢定進行分析。結果：男性與女性在地面反作用力並沒有差異。在矢狀面下肢關節的活動中，著地瞬間男性呈現較大的髖關節屈曲角度。在著地期男性也呈現較大的最大髖關節屈曲角度及髖關節的活動範圍，女性則呈現較大的最大踝關節背屈角度及踝關節的活動範圍。而在最大垂直地面反作用力產生瞬間，男性呈現較大的髖關節屈曲角度。在額狀面下肢關節的活動中，著地瞬間和最大垂直地面反作用力產生瞬間，女性呈現較大的膝關節外翻角度。在著地期女性也產生較大的最大膝關節外翻角度。結論：男性與女性以不同方式著地，男性利用髖關節進行著地緩衝，能減少更多著地後產生的衝擊；女性利用踝關節進行著地緩衝且呈現較大的膝關節外翻角度，可能會有較高的受傷風險。

Introduction: The spike is not only an active technique to score, but increases the probability of winning. Although, the spike is considered a better offensive skill, that results in a higher injury rate than other technique in volleyball competition. Volleyball competition is a non-contact sport, but it had a high musculoskeletal injury rate after landing movement. A lot of volleyball players had lower extremity injuries which often occurred after landing movement, and the females possessed a greater non-contact ACL injury rate than males in the same competitions. Landing movement is one of the primary factor for injury in female. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between male and female players after a volleyball spike landing. Methods: Eight male and 8 female volleyball players performed spike landing on two force plates (1500Hz) with Vicon motion analysis system (10 cameras, 300Hz) to collect the kinetic and kinematic data. An independent t-test was used to test the kinematic and kinetic variables differences between male and female volleyball players. Results: There was no significant difference in ground reaction force between male and female players. In the sagittal plane motion, males exhibited greater hip flexion angles at the initial ground contact. Peak hip flexion angles and hip range of motion (ROM) were greater in males. Females exhibited greater peak ankle dorsiflexion angles and ankle ROM. Males exhibited greater hip angles in the peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF). In the frontal plane motion, females exhibited greater knee valgus angles in the initial ground contact and PVGRF during landing. Peak knee valgus angles were greater in females. Conclusions: Genders displayed different movement during volleyball spike landing. Males sufficiently utilized hip joint motion to perform spike landing that might reduce more ground impact. Females mainly utilized ankle motion to perform spike landing, and accompanied with a greater knee valgus angles than males during the spike landing, which might increase risk of injury.

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