题名

高齡者動體視力與步態速度隨老化之變異情形

并列篇名

Variation of dynamic visual acuity and walking velocity through aging in elderly

DOI

10.3966/102472972016124904005

作者

劉雅甄(Ya-Chen Liu)

关键词

老人 ; 動體視力 ; 跌倒 ; 衰退 ; elderly ; dynamic visual acuity ; fall ; depression

期刊名称

體育學報

卷期/出版年月

49卷4期(2016 / 12 / 01)

页次

431 - 442

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

緒論:高齡者發生跌倒的時機好發於正在步行時,步行是日常生活中的最基本運動形式之一,由於高齡者在步行過程中處於自身移動,外在物體處於靜止或移動的一種運動狀態。在此情況下,高齡者的動體視力會影響到對外在物體訊息的接收正確性與時效性,進而影響其平衡能力,甚至於造成是否失衡跌倒。所以,高齡者步行速度的快慢涉及到視覺功能運作是否正常的關鍵因素,當高齡者步行速度快於其動體視力所能反應時,高齡者在步行中便容易發生跌倒,所以衍生高齡者動體視力與步行速度隨年齡增長的變化情形為何等研究問題。因此,本研究目的為探討65 歲以上高齡者動體視力與步行速度之變異情形。方法:60 位可正常步行的65 歲以上高齡者參與本研究,以視覺測試系統進行動體視力測試,以600pfs 的JVC 高速攝影機拍攝高齡者步行10 公尺的影像,再以Siliconcoach 動作分析系統分析高齡者正常步態速度與最快步態速度。結果:一、65歲至82 歲高齡者的動體視力、正常步態速度、最快步態速度等皆隨年齡增長,而具衰退或變慢趨勢。二、動體視力隨年齡增長的衰退大於正常步態速度和最快步態速度的衰退,且77 歲年齡區間 (77、78、79 歲) 以上高齡者的動體視力衰退率顯著多於步行速度的衰退率,顯示此年齡之後的高齡者,其動體視力可能無法應付正常步態速度所產生的視覺訊息接收。結論:65 歲至82 歲高齡者的動體視力與步行速度隨老化有衰退現象,且動體視力的衰退較步行速度的衰退快,高齡者在77 歲後需留意動體視力的維持,或減慢步行的速度,以提升高齡者步態安全和避免跌倒風險。

英文摘要

Introduction: Walking is one of essential movements in daily life. However, elderly often fall down during walking. Walking is considered as a condition that elderly is moving while other objects are still. In this case, dynamic visual acuity would be influence on correction and prescription of detecting useful information. Furthermore, dynamic visual acuity is a critical factor to keep balance during walking. It easily causes elderly fall when walking velocity is faster that visual function deal with information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes on dynamic visual acuity and walking velocity with aging in elderly who above 65 years old. Methods: Sixty elderly who could walk normally were as participants in this study. The Visual System, a JVC high-speed camera, and the Siliconcoach motion analysis software were used to measure vision ability and walking velocity. Results: The results revealed that dynamic visual acuity, comfortable walking velocity, and fastest walking velocity decreased by ageing. The decline of dynamic visual acuity was greater than those of comfortable walking velocity and fastest walking velocity when elderly was above age of 77 (p < .05). It showed that dynamic visual acuity might not responded accurately to walking demand at 77 years old. Conclusion: It concluded that dynamic visual acuity and walking velocity decreased while age increasing in elderly as 65-82 years old. The decline of dynamic visual acuity greater than those of comfortable walking velocity and fastest walking velocity. In order to enhance safety of walking or reduce risk of falling, the elderly who over 77 years old should maintain the dynamic visual acuity or walking slower.

主题分类 社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. 方怡堯、何信弘、張少熙(2014)。在地老化運動促進策略之探討:以芬蘭高齡者運動促進方案為例。中華體育季刊,28(2),137-144。
    連結:
  2. 方怡堯、張少熙、何信弘(2015)。多元性運動訓練對社區高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報,48(1),59-72。
    連結:
  3. 王秀華、李淑芳(2011)。不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之研究。體育學報,44(3),333-350。
    連結:
  4. 王秀華、李淑芳(2012)。預防老年人跌倒之運動處方。中華體育季刊,26(1),51-57。
    連結:
  5. 吳柏翰、陳柏翰、陳明宗(2013)。全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報,46(4),339-350。
    連結:
  6. 林茂榮、王夷暐(2004)。社區老人跌倒的危險因子與預防。臺灣公共衛生雜誌,23(4),259-271。
    連結:
  7. 邱顯光、劉錦璋(2005)。步行時跨越障礙物對老年人跌倒的影響。大專體育,77,186-192。
    連結:
  8. 陳俐蓉、古博文、林志遠(2015)。老年人身體活動與認知功能之中介分析。中華體育季刊,29(1),67-71。
    連結:
  9. 曾暐晉、黃冠菱、黃啟煌、陳信良(2015)。長期漸增式離心運動訓練對高齡者下肢肌力與功能性體適能之影響。體育學報,48(2),159-169。
    連結:
  10. 鐘維軒、李尹鑫、林宗慶、相子元(2012)。以四肢負重法模擬中老年女性下肢動作研究。體育學報,45(3),191-202。
    連結:
  11. 行政院衛生署國民健康局 (2009)。老人健康促進計畫 (2009-2012)。臺北市:作者。 [Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (2009). Elderly health promotion plan (2009-2012). Taipei: Ministry of Health and Welfare.]。
  12. Ambrose, A. F.,Paul, G.,Hausdorff, J. M.(2013).Risk factors for falls among older adults: A review of the literature.Maturitas,75(1),51-61.
  13. Axer, H.,Axer, M.,Sauer, H.,Witte, O. W.,Hagemann, G.(2010).Falls and gait disorders in geriatric neurology.Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery,112(4),265-274.
  14. Burg, A.(1966).Visual acuity as measured by dynamic and static tests.Journal of Applied Psychology,50(6),460.
  15. Deandrea, S.,Lucenteforte, E.,Bravi, F.,Foschi, R.,La Vecchia, C.,Negri, E.(2010).Risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology,2(5),658-668.
  16. Elble, R. J.,Thomas, S. S.,Higgins, C.,Colliver, J.(1991).Stride-dependent changes in gait of older people.Journal of Neurology,238(1),1-5.
  17. Era, P.,Heikkinen, E.(1985).Postural sway during standing and unexpected disturbance of balance in random samples of men of different ages.Journal of Gerontology,40(13),287-295.
  18. Farrimond, T.(1967).Visual and auditory performance variations with age: Some implications.Australian Journal of Psychology,19(3),193-201.
  19. Fukagawa, N. K.,Wolfson, L.,Judge, J.,Whipple, R.,King, M.(1995).Strength is a major factor in balance, gait, and the occurrence of falls.The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,50(Special Issue),64-67.
  20. Gehlson, G. M.,Whaley, M. H.(1990).Falls in the elderly, part II: Balance, strength, and flexibility.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,71(10),739-741.
  21. Gibbs, J.,Hughes, S.,Dunlop, D.,Singer, R., Chang, R. W.(1996).Predictors of change in walking velocity in older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,44(2),126-132.
  22. Herdman, S. J.,Tusa, R. J.,Blatt, P.,Suzuki, A.,Venuto, P. J.,Roberts, D.(1998).Computerized dynamic visual acuity test in the assessment of vestibular deficits.Otology & Neurotology,19(6),790-796.
  23. Himann, J. E.,Cunningham, D. A.,Pechnitzer, P. A.,Paterson D. H.(1988).Age-related changes in speed of walking.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,20(2),161-166.
  24. Holt, K. G.,Jeng, S. F.,Ratcliffe, R.,Hamill, J.(1995).Energetic cost and stability during human walking at the preferred stride frequency.Journal of Motor Behavior,27(2),164-178.
  25. Honaker, J. A.,Shepard, N. T.(2011).Use of the dynamic visual acuity test as a screener for community-dwelling older adults who fall.Journal of Vestibular Research,21(5),267-276.
  26. Iinattiniemi, S.,Jokelainen, J.,Luukinen, H.(2009).Falls risk among a very old home-dwelling population.Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care,27(1),25-30.
  27. Ishigaki, H.,Miyao, M.(1994).Implications for dynamic visual acuity with changes in age and sex.Perceptual and Motor Skills,78(2),363-369.
  28. Jacobson, G. P.,McCaslin, D. L.,Grantham, S.L.,Piker, E. G.(2008).Significant vestibular system impairment is common in a cohort of elderly patients referred for assessment of falls risk.Journal of the American Academy of Audiology,19(10),799-807.
  29. Joanne, M. W.,Philippe, F. L.,Alex, A. B.,Michael, H. C.,Mei, Y. B.,Grabam, K. K.(2009).Postural stability and gait among older adults with age-related maculopathy.Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,50(1),482-487.
  30. Judge, R. J. O.,Davis, B.,Ounpuu, S.(1996).Step length reductions in advanced age: The role of ankle and hip kinetics.The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,51(6),M303-M312.
  31. Kerrigan, D. C.,Lee, L. M.,Nieto, T. J.,Markman, J. D.,Collins, J. J.,Riley, P. O.(2000).Kinetic alterations independent of walking speed in elderly.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,81(6),730-735.
  32. Konrad, H. R.,Girardi, M.,Helfert, R.(1999).Balance and aging.The Laryngoscope,109(9),1454-1460.
  33. Kristinsdottir, E. K.,Jarnlo, G. B.,Magnusson, M.(2000).Asymmetric vestibular function in the elderly might be a significant contributor to hip fractures.Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,32(2),56-60.
  34. Kristinsdottir, E. K.,Nordell, E.,Jarnlo, G. B.,Tjäder, A.,Thorngren, K. G.,Magnusson, M.(2001).Observation of vestibular asymmetry in a majority of patients over 50 years with fall-related wrist fractures.Actaoto-laryngologica,121(4),481-485.
  35. Lilley, J. M.,Arie, T.,Chilvers, C. E. D.(1995).Accidents involving older people: A review of the literature.Age and Ageing,24(4),346-365.
  36. Ling, S. M.,Winters, J.,Ferrucci, L.(2009).Age-related mechanical work expenditure during normal walking: The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.Journal of Biomechanics,42(12),1834-1839.
  37. Long, G. M.,Crambert, R. F.(1990).The nature and basis of age-related changes in dynamic visual acuity.Psychology and Aging,5(1),138.
  38. McGibbon, C. A.,Krebs, D. E.(1999).Effect of age and functional limitation on leg joint power and work during stance phase of gait.Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development,36(3),173-182.
  39. McGibbon, C. A.,Krebs, D. E.,Puniello, M. S.(2001).Mechanical energy analysis identifies compensatory strategies in disabled elders' gait.Journal of Biomechanics,34(4),481-490.
  40. Miller, J. W.,Ludvigh, E.(1962).The effect of relative motion on visual acuity.Survey of Ophthalmology,7,83.
  41. Minetti, A. E.,Capelli, C.,Zamparo, P.,di Prampero, P. E.,Saibene, F.(1995).Effects of stride frequency on mechanical power and energy expenditure of walking.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,27(8),1194-1202.
  42. Pavol, M. J.,Owings, T. M.,Foley, K. T.,Grabiner, M. D.(1999).Gait characteristics as risk factors for falling from trips induced in older adults.The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,54(11),583-590.
  43. Rubenstein, L. Z.,Josephson, K. R.(2002).The epidemiology of falls and syncope.Clinics in Geriatric Medicine,18(2),141-158.
  44. Rubenstein, L. Z.,Josephson, K. R.,Robbins, A. S.(1994).Falls in the nursing home.Annals of Internal Medicine,121(6),442-451.
  45. Sartini, M.,Cristina, M. L.,Spagnolo, A. M.,Cremonesi, P.,Costaguta, C.,Monacelli, F.,Odetti, P.(2010).The epidemiology of domestic injurious falls in a community dwelling elderly population: An outgrowing economic burden.European Journal of Public Health,20(5),604-606.
  46. Sattin, R. W.(1992).Falls among older persons: A public health perspective.Annual Review of Public Health,13(1),489-508.
  47. Sherpe, J. A.,Sylvester, T. O.(1978).Effect of aging on horizontal smooth pursuit.Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science,17(5),465-468.
  48. Speechley, M.,Tinetti, M.(1990).Assessment of risk and prevention of falls among elderly persons: Role of the physiotherapist.Physiotherapy Canada,42(2),75-79.
  49. Tinetti, M. E.,Speechley, M.,Ginter, S. F.(1988).Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community.New England Journal of Medicine,319(26),1701-1707.
  50. Wall, J. C.,Hogan, D. B.,Turnbull, G. I.,Fox, R. A.(1990).The kinematics of idiopathic gait disorder: A comparison with healthy young and elderly females.Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,23(3),159-164.
  51. Ward, B. K.,Mohammad, M. T.,Whitney, S. L.,Marchetti, G. F.,Furman, J. M.(2010).The reliability, stability, and concurrent validity of a test of gaze stabilization.Journal of Vestibular Research,20(5),363-372.
  52. Woo, J.,Ho, S. C.,Lau, J.,Chan, S. G.,Yuen, Y. K.(1995).Age-associated gait changes in the elderly: Pathological or physiological?.Neuroepidemiology,14(2),65-71.
  53. 梁偉成、紀煥庭、胡名霞、林茂榮(2005)。社區老人跌倒機轉與傷害嚴重度。物理治療,30(3),105-115。
  54. 陳玉枝、林麗華、簡淑芬(2002)。住院病患傷害性跌倒的影響因素與其醫療資源耗用之相關性。志為護理─慈濟護理雜誌,1(3),66-77。
  55. 傅麗蘭、楊政峰(1999)。獨居老人跌倒情形、步態、居家環境及身體功能評估。中華民國物理治療學會雜誌,24(2),1-10。
被引用次数
  1. Wang, Hsiu-Hua,Li, Gladys Shuk-Fong,Chien, Kuei-Yu,Chen, Shu-Chen,Chen, Chiao-Nan(2018).A community application-oriented measuring distance for walking speed tests in the middle-aged and older adults.Physical Education Journal,51(4),463-471.
  2. 陳俐蓉,周琳琳,吳鴻文(2019)。彼拉提斯運動對於高齡者衰弱與憂鬱徵狀之影響。體育學系系刊,18,51-66。
  3. 陳緯蓉、林惠婷、周台英(2018)。運動介入對於老化造成步態改變的影響。中華體育季刊,32(1),75-83。
  4. 劉雅甄(2021)。12週動體視力訓練對高齡者與超高齡者視覺與平衡能力之影響。體育學報,54(1),13-21。
  5. 劉雅甄,陳麒先,林旻聰,林昌國,方怡堯(2022)。12週北歐式健走訓練可促進社區高齡者步態。華人運動生物力學期刊,19(2),1-8。
  6. 錢桂玉、楊雯婷、陳淑貞、呂佳育(2018)。無衰弱與衰弱前期中高齡者走路速度與功能性體適能之關聯。運動表現期刊,5(2),89-96。
  7. 鍾陳偉,劉雅甄,張至琦,邵心平,林旻聰,方怡堯(2022)。不同週訓練次數的北歐式健走對高齡者步態特性之影響。運動表現期刊,9(2),93-106。