運動比賽中的假動作－藝術？技術？

10.6223/qcpe.2004.200612.1613

蔡坤法；劉有德

假動作 ； 生態心理學 ； 訊息的恆定性 ； 環境賦使

中華體育季刊

20卷4期（2006 / 12 / 01）

93 - 101

繁體中文

運動比賽中，假動作的成功與否常為致勝關鍵，一成不變的動作形態無法贏得比賽，唯有透過假動作的有效運用，才能獲得最佳的運動表現。以往探討假動作皆是以認知心理學的反應時間為探討基礎，本文將進一步地結合反應時間與生態心理學的角度就相關的知覺預期能力之文獻探討假動作。從生態心理學的觀點，認為環境中的刺激就是訊息，不需要經過轉換的過程說可以直接從環境中獲得，生態心理學認為環境中的兩種訊息性質：訊息的恆定性(invariants)及環境賦使(affordance)，可做為運用假動作致勝或反制假動作的基礎。對於運動經驗較少的選手，模仿真實動作的特徵可能有較多假動作成功的機會，而如能確實瞭解每種動作的恆定特徵則不易被假動作所騙。運動選手如能找到真假動作所提供的訊息恆定性，辨識出假動作與真動作的差異，並透過環境賦使的影響，將有助於開放性運動的表現。

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